Determinants of waterpipe use amongst adolescents in Northern Sweden: a survey of use pattern, risk perception, and environmental factors

Abstract

BackgroundDeterminants of waterpipe use in adolescents are believed to differ from those for other tobacco products, but there is a lack of studies of possible social, cultural, or psychological aspects of waterpipe use in this population. This study applied a socioecological model to explore waterpipe use, and its relationship to other tobacco use in Swedish adolescents.MethodsA total of 106 adolescents who attended an urban high-school in northern Sweden responded to an anonymous questionnaire. Prevalence rates for waterpipe use were examined in relation to socio-demographics, peer pressure, sensation seeking behavior, harm perception, environmental factors, and depression.ResultsThirty-three percent reported ever having smoked waterpipe (ever use), with 30 % having done so during the last 30 days (current use). Among waterpipe ever users, 60 % had ever smoked cigarettes in comparison to 32 % of non-waterpipe smokers (95 % confidence interval 1.4–7.9). The odds of having ever smoked waterpipe were three times higher among male high school seniors as well as students with lower grades. Waterpipe ever users had three times higher odds of having higher levels of sensation-seeking (95 % confidence interval 1.2–9.5) and scored high on the depression scales (95 % confidence interval 1.6–6.8) than non-users. The odds of waterpipe ever use were four times higher for those who perceived waterpipe products to have pleasant smell compared to cigarettes (95 % confidence interval 1.7–9.8). Waterpipe ever users were twice as likely to have seen waterpipe use on television compared to non-users (95 % confidence interval 1.1–5.7). The odds of having friends who smoked regularly was eight times higher for waterpipe ever users than non-users (95 % confidence interval 2.1–31.2).ConclusionThe current study reports a high use of waterpipe in a select group of students in northern Sweden. The study adds the importance of looking at socioecological determinants of use, including peer pressure and exposure to media marketing, as well as mental health among users.

Taking a Stand: An Untapped Strategy to Reduce Waterpipe Smoking in Adolescents

“…The semi structured interview guides were thematic and flexible and probing was used. The interview guide was developed and tested by the research team based on an adapted version of the socioecological model for health promotion (Ramji et al, 2015). All interviews were conducted in Swedish and were transcribed and translated into English by professionals who are fluent in both languages and had research experience.…”

Peri‐implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters and crestal bone loss among waterpipe (narghile) smokers and never‐smokers with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…The smoke then bubbles through a jar filled with water and is ultimately inhaled. Although waterpipe smoking is a cultural custom in many Middle‐Eastern countries such as Bahrain, Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates; this form of smoking has gained popularity, particularly among the youth, in many Western countries including Hong Kong, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States . Results from a recent study showed that waterpipe smoking is not less harmful than cigarette smoking, and waterpipe smokers (WS) are as susceptible to periodontal destruction as conventional cigarette smokers (CS).…”

“…Although waterpipe smoking is a cultural custom in many Middle-Eastern countries such as Bahrain, Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates; [13][14][15][16] this form of smoking has gained popularity, particularly among the youth, in many Western countries including Hong Kong, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States. [17][18][19][20] Results from a recent study 14 showed that waterpipe smoking is not less harmful than cigarette smoking, and waterpipe smokers (WS) are as susceptible to periodontal destruction as conventional cigarette smokers (CS). Similarly, in a clinical study on dental implants, Al-Harthi et al 13 compared the peri-implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], and CBL) among WS, CS, and never-smokers (NS).…”

Toxicological impact of waterpipe smoking and flavorings in the oral cavity and respiratory system

“…Nearly 100 million people use waterpipe on a daily basis (Wolfram et al, 2003); and this form of smoking causes approximately 5 million deaths per annum (Neergaard et al, 2007). WS is a cultural custom in many Middle-Eastern countries including Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Lebanon, and the United Arab Emirates (Natto, 2005, Moh’d Al-Mulla et al, 2008, Maziak et al, 2009, Borgan et al, 2014, Jaghbir et al, 2014, Almutairi, 2015, Maziak et al, 2015a, Javed et al, 2016a); However, this form of tobacco smoking has gained popularity in many other countries including Canada, Denmark, Greece, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States (U.S.) (Jensen et al, 2010, Kassim et al, 2014, Ramji et al, 2015, Hammal et al, 2016, Sidani et al, 2016). In the U.S., the Tobacco Products and Risk Perceptions Surveys of 2014 and 2015 found a prevalence of 15.8% of ever smoking waterpipe among adults (Majeed et al, 2017).…”