Détermination analytique des actinides dans les milieux biologiques

Abstract

When radiation toxicological monitoring of personnel is carried out following suspected internal contamination with alpha particle emitters, it is imperative that specific techniques be used to detect and measure the actinides present in the biological samples. The technique proposed here makes it possible to measure the activity of the uranium, plutonium, americium and curium isotopes on a single sample, without interference caused by the activity which is produced by the thorium and its descendants. This technique uses both the extracting power of new organic compounds fixed on inert resins, as well as the fixation and elution potential of the various actinides depending on the ionic composition and pH of the solutions used.

Determination of Transuranium Isotopes (Pu, Np, Am) by Radiometric Techniques: A Review of Analytical Methodology

“…Baglan et al studied three radiochemical procedures for the determination of trace levels of 237 Np in a synthetic mixture of actinides. The first procedure is adopted from the method of Harduin et al for determination of various actinides in urine and feces using a set of anion exchange and EC columns. Thorium and U are separated from nitric acid solution with an anion exchange column, Np(V) is not retained, then Np (Th) is retained on a TEVA, U on a TRU, and Am on a second TRU column.…”

Extraction sélective des actinides : application à l'analyse radiotoxicologique

“…La technique couramment appliquée (Harduin et al, 1996) dans les laboratoires d'analyse et biologie médicale consiste, après précipitation des actinides et minéralisation, à effectuer une chromatographie sur colonnes à l'aide de résines échangeuses d'ions de la société EICHROM. Concernant l'utilisation des calixarènes, seule une adaptation du procédé de destruction de la matière organique a été nécessaire pour permettre l'extraction quantitative de l'uranium présent en solution.…”

“…La troisième fraction a donc été minéralisée, suivant le protocole radiochimique classique (Harduin et al, 1996). L'étape finale de ce protocole conduit à l'obtention d'un résidu solide qui doit être dissout dans l'acide nitrique concentré.…”

Coupling between a calix[6]arene-based chromatography column and ICP-MS for on-line actinide analysis

“…Uranium as well as other actinides such as plutonium and americium are found all along the way of the nuclear fuel cycle. Their analysis is important for nuclear workforce monitoring [1][2][3][4] and environmental surveillance, [5][6][7] as well as for fuel quality control or recycling. [8][9][10] Alpha spectrometry is usually the reference technique used for actinide measurements, 9 but it requires lengthy sample preparation including ashing and radiochemical separation, and long counting time (a few days) to achieve low detection limits.…”