Determination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in imported rice bran oil in Iran

Mohajer, Afsaneh; Baghani, Abbas Norouzian; Sadighara, Parisa; Ghanati, Kiandokht; Nazmara, Shahrokh

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103384

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…According to achieved results, a good agreements were reported with certified values (Table 2). All analyses were done in triplicate (Khalili Sadrabad et al., 2018; Mohajer et al., 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical composition and heavy metal content of sesame oil produced by different methods: A risk assessment study

Rounizi

Mohajeri

Broujeni

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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The oil was extracted from sesame seed with two extraction methods. Traditional (Ardeh oil) and industrial method (cold pressing method: virgin and refined sesame oil) oil extraction was studied to compare the quality and heavy metal content of extracted oils. The chemical properties (fatty acid composition, peroxide, anisidine, acid values, and TOTOX) and heavy metal contents were investigated. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) of heavy metal intakes were calculated. The results demonstrated that the predominant fatty acid in oil samples was oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. It was indicated the peroxide, anisidine, acid values, and TOTOX of oil samples were as the order of Ardeh oil > virgin sesame oil > refined sesame oil. The reduction pattern of Pb > Zn >Cu > Cd >As was reported in sesame seed. Although the oil refining had been greatly reduced the Pb of oil sample, but it had yet been much higher than the permissible levels set by Codex Alimentarius. The HQ and HI of all heavy metals were less than one, but they were higher in Ardeh oil compared to others. It is necessary to monitor the presence of heavy metal contaminants and the quality of imported sesame seeds prior to oil preparation.

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“…According to achieved results, a good agreements were reported with certified values (Table 2). All analyses were done in triplicate (Khalili Sadrabad et al., 2018; Mohajer et al., 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical composition and heavy metal content of sesame oil produced by different methods: A risk assessment study

Rounizi

Mohajeri

Broujeni

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…In addition to the natural contamination sources of crops with heavy metals, these products are infected through human activities, such as agriculture, mining, construction, fertilizers, irrigation with wastewater, sewage sludge on agricultural land, application of manure and pesticides, and industrial processes (13,14). Rice is a special product among the crops, because it has high uptake and accumulation of Cd, Pb, and As (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of cadmium, arsenic, and lead in rice (Oryza sativa) and probabilistic health risk assessment: A case study in Hormozgan province, Iran

Rezaei

Alipour

Sharafi

et al. 2021

Environ Health Eng Manag

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Background: The presence of toxic heavy metals in cereal grains like rice is one of the main human and environmental health concerns. Their importance is because of their non-biodegradability nature, high half-time, and bioaccumulation ability in the human body. Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) are most critical, so their concentrations in rice were evaluated in this study. Methods: In this study, the concentration of Cd and Pb was determined by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GF-AAS), while the concentration of As was measured by atomic spectrum poll after acid digestion of the milled rice samples. The probabilistic health risk assessment of Cd, As, and Pb through consumption of different types of rice including local rice and two types imported from India (IND) and Pakistan (PAK), was estimated for the adults in Hormozgan province using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. Results: It was revealed that the concentrations of all Cd, As, and Pb in the local rice samples were lower than those in the PAK and IND samples. The average concentration of As, Pb, and Cd in the rice samples were 0.045, 0.057, and 0.022 mg/kg, respectively. The estimated total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) for this population was lower than 1, representing negligible non-carcinogenic risk through rice consumption. However, total carcinogenic risk (TCR) via As intake showed a considerable carcinogenic risk (TCR > 1E-4) for this population. Conclusion: According to the results, it is necessary to perform continuous monitoring for concentration of Cd, As, and Pb especially in the imported rice samples.

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“…The significant differences for all metals investigated assessed based on the health risk dataset for the same type of essential oil were found depending on the manufacturer. For all the analyzed oil samples, the hazard index values were considerably lower than 1, which indicated that all values fell within the safety range [60]. Thus, the content of the analyzed elements in the essential oils does not pose any significant risk to consumers' health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The cumulative cancer risk was obtained by summing the CR values for each metal. For all the analyzed oils, the value of this parameter was <10 −6 , which indicates that the cancer risk associated with metal exposure through oil ingestion can be ignored [60]. Thus, the analyzed oils can be safely consumed in the doses recommended by the manufacturers, and the content of heavy metals does not pose a significant risk to the consumer's health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The network plot calculated using the cancer risk index showed that nickel was associated with toxic metals. The potential cancer risk based on lifetime exposure to carcinogens (Ni, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) does not appear to modify the subject's risk of cancer (CR) [60], even if, for Ni, the values are very high. The results are a consequence of the higher nickel content registered in these oils and the higher dose recommended by the producers for internal consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Health Risk and the Metal Content of Thirty-Four Plant Essential Oils Using the ICP-MS Technique

et al. 2022

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Natural ecosystems are polluted with various contaminants, and among these heavy metals raise concerns due to their side effects on both environment and human health. An investigation was conducted on essential oil samples, comparing similar products between seven producers, and the results indicated a wide variation of metal content. The recommended limits imposed by European Union regulations for medicinal plants are exceeded only in Mentha × pipperita (Adams, 0.61 mg/kg). Except for Thymus vulgaris, the multivariate analysis showed a strong correlation between toxic and microelements (p < 0.001). We verified plant species–specific bioaccumulation patterns with non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis. The model showed that Adams, Doterra, Hypericum, and Steaua Divina essential oils originated from plants containing high micro and macroelement (Cu, Mn, Mg, Na) levels. We noted that the cancer risk values for Ni were the highest (2.02 × 10−9–7.89 × 10−7). Based on the target hazard quotient, three groups of elements were associated with a possible risk to human health, including As, Hg, and Cd in the first group, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Co in the second, and Zn and Al in the third. Additionally, the challenge of coupling inter-element relationships through a network plot analysis shows a considerable probability of associating toxic metals with micronutrients, which can address cumulative risks for human consumers.

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Determination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in imported rice bran oil in Iran

Cited by 39 publications

References 36 publications

The chemical composition and heavy metal content of sesame oil produced by different methods: A risk assessment study

The chemical composition and heavy metal content of sesame oil produced by different methods: A risk assessment study

Concentration of cadmium, arsenic, and lead in rice (Oryza sativa) and probabilistic health risk assessment: A case study in Hormozgan province, Iran

Assessing the Health Risk and the Metal Content of Thirty-Four Plant Essential Oils Using the ICP-MS Technique

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