Determination and identification, according to European Union Decision 2002/657/EC, of malachite green and its metabolite in fish by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using an optimized extraction procedure and three-way calibration

Arroyo, David; Ortiz, M.C.; Sarabia, L.A.; Palacios, Francisco

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.076

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In contrast, SPE-LC/MS/MS was a popular method, 7,[11][12][13] but it also suffered from several limitations such as low concentration of pollutants in environmental water and other matrix effects, and requirement of large volumes of water samples to pre-concentrate and complicated sample preparation procedures to separate targets from matrices. Therefore, it may not be suitable to monitor the pollutants in environmental water in routine monitoring analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of malachite green and crystal violet in environmental water using temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2012

Anal. Methods

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Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (TC-IL-DLLME) was introduced to analyze malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) in environmental water by coupling with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the method, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C 8 MIM][PF 6 ]) and methanol were selected as appropriate extraction and dispersive solvents, respectively. Target compounds were extracted into the IL phase (dispersed completely in the aqueous phase) at a proper temperature. Several other parameters that could affect extraction performance were optimized, such as IL volume, sample pH, salinity, extraction time, temperature and centrifuging velocity. Under the optimum conditions (IL volume, 80 mL; sample pH, 4; salinity, 20% sodium chloride; extraction time, 50 min; temperature, 70 C; centrifuging velocity, 1500 rpm), the established method offered:); (iii) good reproducibility (relative standard deviation, MG, 9.4%; CV, 7.6%; n ¼ 5) and good recoveries (91.7% for MG and 97.2% for CV, respectively; n ¼ 5); (iv) high enrichment factor (254 for MG, 276 for CV), which makes the method suitable to monitor low concentrations of MG and CV in aqueous systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of malachite green and crystal violet in environmental water using temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2012

Anal. Methods

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“…In this section, the parallelism that exists between the PARAFAC decomposition and a physical model of GC-MS data, under commonly held assumptions, is discussed. In a recent work of our research group [22], the same parallelism between the PARAFAC decomposition and LC-MS/MS data is shown, and a review on three-way techniques which are used for calibration in chromatography can be seen in Ref. [23].…”

Section: Theoretical Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…This decomposition technique has been proposed [27] to overcome the difficulty to model some deviation in the chromatographic profiles. References are made in the literature to ways in which PARAFAC2 can solve this type of problem when GC-MS is used [23,[28][29][30][31] or LC-MS/MS [22].…”

Section: Theoretical Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of a PARAFAC decomposition in the fiber selection procedure to determine chlorophenols by means SPME-GC-MS

2011

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In this work, a procedure based on solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is proposed to determine chlorophenols in water without derivatization. The following chlorophenols are studied: 2,4-dichlorophenol; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol; 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol. Three kinds of SPME fibers, polyacrylate, polydimethylsiloxane, and polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene are compared to identify the most suitable one for the extraction process on the basis of two criteria: (a) to select the equilibrium time studying the kinetics of the extraction, and (b) to obtain the best values of the figures of merit. In both cases, a three-way PARAllel FACtor analysis decomposition is used. For the first step, the three-way experimental data are arranged as follows: if I extraction times are considered, the tensor of data, X, of dimensions I × J × K is generated by concatenating the I matrices formed by the abundances of the J m/z ions recorded in K elution times around the retention time for each chlorophenol. The second-order property of PARAFAC (or PARAFAC2) assesses the unequivocal identification of each chlorophenol, as consequence, the loadings in the first mode estimated by the PARAFAC decomposition are the kinetic profile. For the second step, a calibration based on a PARAFAC decomposition is used for each fiber. The best figures of merit were obtained with PDMS/DVB fiber. The values of decision limit, CCα, achieved are between 0.29 and 0.67 μg L(-1) for the four chlorophenols. The accuracy (trueness and precision) of the procedure was assessed. This procedure has been applied to river water samples.

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“…PARAFAC2 has the secondorder property if the correlation between the retention times is the same in all samples, which is a weaker condition than the equality of chromatographic profiles imposed by the PARAFAC model. PARAFAC2 was used with GC/MS data in [23,[31][32][33][34], and with LC/MS-MS in [35].…”

Section: Parafacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of a programmed temperature vaporizer inlet and parallel factor analysis in the determination of triazines in the presence of non-intentionally added substances by gas chromatography

et al. 2011

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Non-intentionally added substances (NIASs) are usually detected by acquiring mass spectra in full scan mode and then identifying the compounds corresponding to the unexpected peaks. High-resolution mass spectrometry detectors are frequently used, but this does not solve the problem that an NIAS can contribute to the abundance at m/z ratios that correspond to the fragmentation of other molecules. This problem leads to false negatives when identifying compounds, even in target analysis when the maximum permitted tolerances for relative ion abundances (SANCO/10684/2009) are taken into account. In this work, the introduction of different volumes of a test sample onto a GC/MS system that has a programmed temperature vaporizer inlet and is operating in full scan mode provides a data tensor. The proposed approach consists of considering the structure of the matrix of abundances of K m/z ratios acquired at J elution times for each chromatographic peak. Upon concatenating I of such matrices, a three-way tensor X is obtained, which is then decomposed using parallel factor analysis into as many factors as there are substances coeluting, thus providing the mass spectrum and the chromatographic profile for each of them. If the amount of an analyte changes significantly during the I injections, then it can be unequivocally identified. This procedure thus identifies coeluting NIASs, provides information about their mass spectra, and guarantees the identification and quantification of target compounds. In this work, it is used to determine five triazines in the presence of NIASs which match some of the m/z ratios of the triazines and coelute with them. Decision limits (CCα) of between 7.5 and 25.0 μg L(-1) were obtained.

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Determination and identification, according to European Union Decision 2002/657/EC, of malachite green and its metabolite in fish by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using an optimized extraction procedure and three-way calibration

Cited by 45 publications

References 34 publications

Determination of malachite green and crystal violet in environmental water using temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography

Determination of malachite green and crystal violet in environmental water using temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography

Usefulness of a PARAFAC decomposition in the fiber selection procedure to determine chlorophenols by means SPME-GC-MS

Advantages of a programmed temperature vaporizer inlet and parallel factor analysis in the determination of triazines in the presence of non-intentionally added substances by gas chromatography

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