Determination and Thermodynamic Analysis of the Solubility of Limonin in Eight Organic Solvents and Ethyl Acetate + 2-Propanol Binary Solvents from 283.2 to 323.2 K

Abstract

In the present study, the solubility of limonin in eight organic solvents and a binary solvent system (ethyl acetate + 2-propanol) was determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis method within the temperature range from 283.2 to 323.2 K. The results showed that the solubility of limonin increased with temperature in the eight pure solvents and the binary solvent mixtures. In the binary solvent system ethyl acetate + 2-propanol, the solubility decreased with the initial mole fraction of ethyl acetate. The experimental solubility of limonin was well correlated with temperature by the simplified thermodynamic equation, modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, and NRTL equation. Furthermore, the solubility of limonin in the binary solvent mixtures was correlated with both temperature and initial solvent composition of the binary solvent mixtures by the Jouyban−Acree model, van't Hoff−Jouyban−Acree model, modified Apelblat−Jouyban−Acree model, Ma model, Sun model, and NRTL model. Finally, the thermodynamic properties of the mixing process, including mixing Gibbs energy, mixing enthalpy, and mixing entropy, were also calculated.

Solubility Measurement and Modeling of 1-(3-nitrophenyl)Ethanone and 1-(4-nitrophenyl)Ethenone in Nine Pure Organic Solvents from T = (278.15 to 318.15) K and Mixing Properties of Solutions

“…In the present paper, the solid–liquid equilibria for the binary systems of (1-(3-nitrophenyl)­ethanone + solvent) or (1-(4-nitrophenyl)­ethenone + solvent) were attained by using the isothermal saturation method in the temperatures ranging from (278.15 to 318.15) K, and the solubilities of 1-(3-nitrophenyl)­ethanone and 1-(4-nitrophenyl)­ethenone in the studied solvents were determined by using the high-performance liquid phase chromatograph. Furthermore, the solubility of benzoic acid in toluene was determined to verify the experimental method.…”

Solubility Determination and Thermodynamic Modeling of Glutaric Anhydride in Diverse Solvent Systems Consisting of Acetic Acid, Ethanoic Anhydride, and Tetrachloromethane from T = (278.45 to 324.45) K

“…The thermodynamic properties of the mixing process play an important role in the research of mixtures. The mixing properties of solution can be calculated by the Lewis–Randall rule. − For a nonideal solution, the mixing enthalpy (Δ mix H ), the mixing Gibbs energy (Δ mix G ), and mixing entropy (Δ mix S ) can be calculated by eq . In eq , M represents G, H, and S. Δ mix M id denotes the mixing property of an ideal solution and M E is the excess property of a real solution. In an ideal solution, the mixing properties can be expressed by eqs –. The excess Gibbs free energy of a nonideal solution also can be calculated by the activity coefficients (γ i ).…”

Solubilities of Oleanolic Acid and Ursolic Acid in Different Organic Solvents and 2-Propanol + Water Binary Solvent Mixtures at Different Temperatures: Experimental Measurement and Modeling

“…The solubilities of OA and UA were measured by the HPLC analysis method according to our previous studies. − Briefly, a saturated solution of OA or UA with excess solid was prepared in a glass vial. The dissolution experiment was done in a low-temperature thermostatic reaction bath (type DFY5/40, China) with an uncertainty of ±0.1 K. The mixture in the vial was stirred continuously for at least 48 h to ensure solid–liquid equilibrium and then allowed to settle for another 12 h to obtain a clear saturated solution before sampling.…”

“…In this work, the Sun model (eq ) and Ma model (eq ) were used to correlate the solubility data with both the temperature and mole fraction of 2-propanol in the binary solvent mixtures, which can be derived from the van’t Hoff–Jouyban–Acree model and the modified Apelblat–Jouyban–Acree model, respectively. − ,− where x is the mole fraction solubility of OA or UA in the binary solvent mixtures at temperature T (K); m 2 represents the mass fractions of 2-propanol in the binary solvent mixtures without OA or UA; and D i and E i are the model parameters of eqs and , respectively.…”