Determination of 17 trace elements in coal and ash reference materials by ICP-MS applied to milligram sample sizes

Lachas, H.; Richaud, R.; Herod, Alan A.; Dugwell, D. R.; Kandiyoti, R.; Jarvis, Kym E.

doi:10.1039/a807849a

Cited by 91 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The comparison of results from two laboratories shows that it is the ratio of sample mass to acid volume that is the critical parameter, not the absolute sample mass itself. Our observations concur with those of Lachas et al, (1999), who reported that the sample size alone does not have an influence on the recovery of the elements as long as the total dissolved solids and the dilution factors of the final solutions remain constant.…”

Section: Table VIsupporting

confidence: 95%

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Analysis of Environmental Samples Using Microwave-Assisted Acid Digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Maximizing Total Element Recoveries

Hassan

Rasmussen

Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska

et al. 2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

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For the routine determination of metals in environmental samples, we require microwave-assisted digestion methods that yield 'total' or 'near-total' recoveries while avoiding the use of HF acid. As inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is the method of detection, it is desirable to minimize the use of HCl to avoid spectral interferences caused by high Cl -concentrations. Using certified reference materials, we performed a series of modifications to the US EPA method 3051 which included: increasing the temperature and durations of microwave digestion, varying the ratio of sample mass to acid volume, and alterations to the compositions of the acid digestion mixture. The experiments were conducted using urban particulate matter (NIST-1648), coal fly ash (NBS-1633) and six CANMET certified reference materials (Till-2, Till-3, Till-4, LKSD-1, LKSD-2 and LKSD-4), in two laboratories (Health Canada and Environment Canada) using different microwave digestion systems and different ICP-MS instruments. Our modified microwaveassisted nitric acid digestion method improved recoveries for Pb, Zn, V, Fe and Cu approaching 'total' recoveries in the same matrices determined using Xray fluorescence (XRF) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) as reported in the certificates of analysis. Recoveries for other elements such as Cr and Ni compared well with 'near-total' recoveries yielded by traditional (non-assisted) acid digestion methods.

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Section: Table VIsupporting

confidence: 95%

“…The low recoveries obtained for several elements in NBS-1633 (coal fly ash) are consistent with the findings of Lachas et al, (1999). It has been suggested by Laitinen, et al (1996) that HF must be included for the successful digestion of metals in coal fly ash, which consists primarily of Si, Al and Ca oxides.…”

Section: Table VIsupporting

confidence: 89%

Analysis of Environmental Samples Using Microwave-Assisted Acid Digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Maximizing Total Element Recoveries

Hassan

Rasmussen

Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska

et al. 2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…For practical use, it is sufficient to determine the inorganic composition of coals within a certain range of concentration, to assess the relevant parameters of the combustion [3]. Methods based on atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) [5] have been discussed, but are not suitable for practical use as they all imply a tedious sample preparation procedure, that is, digestion of the coal [6,7]. Therefore, methods with direct sample introduction are more attractive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for the analysis of coal by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy

Kleiber

Fink

Nießner

et al. 2002

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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The potential of laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was investigated for the inorganic characterization of different coal samples pressed into pellets. Reference analysis was performed by microwave-assisted digestion of the ground samples followed by ICP-MS analysis of the resulting solutions. Two different laser ablation sampling procedures were compared. For continuous sampling, three sites of the pellet were sampled for approximately one minute, whereas for sequential sampling 15 sites were sampled for two seconds, respectively. The qualitative results of the two procedures were equivalent, but continuous sampling allowed faster analysis and better precision (RSD about 10%) than sequential sampling (RSD 10-20%). Different normalization procedures with internal and extrinsic standards were investigated and allowed a quantitative determination of Al, Ti, Zn, Ni, and V with measurement uncertainties below 10% and Fe, Si, and Sn with measurement uncertainties below 20%.

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“…However, measures should be taken to avoid the loss of volatile elements when the materials are subject to high temperatures during an open vessel acid attack. It have been found [15] that a microwave closed vessel HNO 3 leaching was more reliable to quantify As and Se (which form volatile species). But in general, a sealed microwave digestion method using nitric acid only cannot break down silicates, which harbour many trace elements.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Microwave Digestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactivity concentration and heavy metal content in fuel oil and oil-ashes in Venezuela

et al. 2005

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Environmental radiation levels are modified in regions where the oil industrial activity is more aggressive, such as in the Zulia State and the Orinoco´s Oil Belt. In these regions Venezuela is producing 1750 thousand barrels of oil from the near-to-the-surface or deep oil drilling, being its 2003 total OPEC market share 2932 thousand barrels of oil per day [1]. Petroleum constitutes an important source of energy and as the majority of natural sources it contains radionuclides and their disintegration products. The combustion of oil concentrates in the ashes those radioelements, which later enters the environment by different pathways producing adverse effects on the quality of man life. The concentration of radioelements varies greatly between oil fields, and then still requiring local survey studies in this area. Moreover due to the recent national interest in recycling processes, it becomes important to take care in the selection of materials that may contain by-products of industrial origin. In fact the oil ashes and other mining by-products are employable in the building industry. The concentration of radioactivity and heavy metals in crude oil, fuel oil Nº 6 and the ashes from power plants were determined. The analysis includes the two major thermoelectric power plants in Venezuela, Ricardo Zuluaga on the northern seaside of Caracas and Planta Centro on the littoral of Carabobo State. The study covers different samples: fuel oil No 6, heavy and medium petroleum as well as fuel Oil No6 ashes. Gamma spectrometry was used for measuring 226Ra, 214Pb, 214Bi, 228Ac, 212Pb, 212Bi, 208Tl and 40K, and heavy metallic cations were determined by ICP-MS, which also allows the direct determination of 232Th and 238U. In this material (oil ashes) the total activity concentration is above 300 Bq.kg-1. Some criteria from the literature have been compared and used to investigate the applicability of oil ashes as an additive for building materials. The combustion concentrate also heavy metal cations, as is the case of Pb, Ni, Mn, V, Zn among others. The found high metal concentrations can represent an important environmental risk since the high amount of sulfates in the Venezuelan oil and ashes contributes to their dissolution and bioavailability

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Determination of 17 trace elements in coal and ash reference materials by ICP-MS applied to milligram sample sizes

Cited by 91 publications

References 21 publications

Analysis of Environmental Samples Using Microwave-Assisted Acid Digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Maximizing Total Element Recoveries

Analysis of Environmental Samples Using Microwave-Assisted Acid Digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Maximizing Total Element Recoveries

Strategies for the analysis of coal by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy

Radioactivity concentration and heavy metal content in fuel oil and oil-ashes in Venezuela

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