Determination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in human milk, at the 0.1-10 parts-per-trillion level:  method validation and survey results

Heath, Robert G.; Harless, Robert L.; Gross, M.; Lyon, P. A.; Dupuy, Aubry E.; McDaniel, Danny

doi:10.1021/ac00293a044

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In a recent investigation PCNs were detected in human milk from Los Angeles and Sweden. The concentrations were between 1.7 and 3 ppb PCNs in milk fat (65).…”

Section: Polychiorinated Naphthalenesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chemical contaminants in human milk: an overview.

Sonawane

1995

Environ Health Perspect

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This review contains a succinct overview of the nature and extent of the problem of contamination of human milk with environmental and occupational chemicals, excluding drugs. Factors influencing the levels of contaminants in breast milk are discussed. Also, data on major chemicals of concern with potential health risk(s) to the general population and risk-benefit considerations are dealt with briefly. Based on the available data on the subject, research needs have been identified and policy recommendations are suggested.

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“…In a recent investigation PCNs were detected in human milk from Los Angeles and Sweden. The concentrations were between 1.7 and 3 ppb PCNs in milk fat (65).…”

Section: Polychiorinated Naphthalenesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chemical contaminants in human milk: an overview.

Sonawane

1995

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Because this study was designed as a comparison rather than a validation, and because of the similarity of the results, none of the methods was judged to be superior. However, a subsequent report detailed validation of GC/HRMS on human milk at much lower levels, namely in the 0.1–10 ppt range (Heath et al, 1986). This study used both packed‐column (GC/HRMS) and capillary‐column (HRGC/HRMS) methods for analysis of “real” samples.…”

Section: Biomonitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of a High‐resolution Mass Spectrometry Method for Ultra‐trace Analysis of Chlorinated Dioxins in Environmental and Biological Samples Including Viet Nam Era Veterans

Lay

Liyanage

Gidden

2020

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Chlorinated dioxins are labeled and recognized by both the World Health Organization and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) as “persistent organic pollutants”. Their potential for high toxicity is one of the primary factors behind intense public and regulatory scrutiny and the need to measure the compounds at very low limits, specifically the isomer 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (2,3,7,8‐TCDD). This article highlights the early mass spectrometry methods to investigate, detect, confirm, and quantify chlorinated dioxins and the initial applications involving human biomonitoring, as attempts were made to attribute health effects to TCDD exposure. This effort represented a complex and difficult scientific response to the pressing need to investigate expected exposures and alleged subsequent medical effects, which in the case of the Viet Nam veterans was being attempted a decade or more after their exposure. It is noteworthy that this method and its development touched on delicate issues involving human subjects, war veterans, environmental contamination, and was difficult not only scientifically, but for ethical and political reasons as well. Stable‐isotope dilution with analysis by gas chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS) became the method of choice because of its ability to monitor characteristic ions and isotope ratios to quantify and qualify/confirm the analyte in the presence of coextracting and coeluting interferences at these low levels with the highest possible confidence. This method was rigorously tested and validated before it was used to discover and monitor levels in the environment and in various populations at then unprecedented low levels. These early studies demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring dioxins in humans even decades after exposure, and led to the detection of 2,3,7,8‐TCDD in the general population as well as specific overexposed populations. These studies also provided strong evidence regarding the origins of the 2,3,7,8‐isomer in the environment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev

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“…Our specific goal was to assemble an instrument for analytical MS equipped with chemical ionization (CI), high resolving power, and accurate mass measurement and interface it with gas chromatography (GC) as a high-performance GC/ MS. At that time, I was working with the US EPA on validating the GC/MS analysis of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzodioxin, a highly toxic compound implicated in environmental exposure at Love Canal in NY, Times Beach in MO, and in the Vietnam war and alleged exposure in the lumber industry in Oregon (Gross et al, 1981;Heath et al, 1986). We understood the need of high resolving power and exact mass measurement in the GC mode for demanding environmental ultratrace analysis to maximize certainty in detection.…”

Section: A Ftms Team Nebraskamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One could predict at 7 T and by using an improved platform like this, a mass resolving power of ~130,000 could be achieved for ions of m/z 320 (the m/z of the +1 ion of the tetrachloro congener). Looking back, we realize that the instrumentation companies of the day were not interested in pushing such a design for this application nor were the environmental regulation agencies looking for innovative solutions but rather proven platforms for environmental analysis (Gross et al, 1981, Heath et al, 1986.…”

Section: Pulsed Valves For Gas Introduction and Gc/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on Personal Contributions to Ft‐icr Mass Spectrometry

Gross

Rempel

2020

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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This is a personal perspective on our contributions to Fouriertransform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR), including many early ones in a collaboration of Charles Wilkins and Michael Gross starting in the mid-1970s and then continuing for many years in a collaboration of Don Rempel and Michael Gross. The perspective is to honor Alan Marshall, who with Melvin Comisarow, first demonstrated FT-ICR mass spectrometry (MS) in 1974 (Comisarow & Marshall, 1974). Our intention is to review the contributions made together with Wilkins, Rempel, and a group of graduate and postdoctoral students, starting at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and continuing here at Washington University in St. Louis. Besides offering a chance to reminisce about the early and exciting days of FT-ICR MS when academic laboratories were building and modifying mass spectrometers and other instruments, a nearly lost art, I am reminded of my editorship of this journal occurring over part of that time.

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Determination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in human milk, at the 0.1-10 parts-per-trillion level: method validation and survey results

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Chemical contaminants in human milk: an overview.

Chemical contaminants in human milk: an overview.

The Development of a High‐resolution Mass Spectrometry Method for Ultra‐trace Analysis of Chlorinated Dioxins in Environmental and Biological Samples Including Viet Nam Era Veterans

A Perspective on Personal Contributions to Ft‐icr Mass Spectrometry

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