“…Analytical methods applied to the calculation of mutual inductance between two circular filaments and arising magnetic force, magnetic torque and corresponding magnetic stiffness when such the filament system carries electric currents is a prime example. These methods have proved their efficiency and have been successfully employed in an increasing number of applications, including electromagnetic levitation [1,2], superconducting levitation [3], calculation of mutual inductance between thick coils [4], magnetic force and torque calculation between circular coils [5,6,7], wireless power transfer [8,9,10], electromagnetic actuation [11,12,13], micro-machined contactless inductive suspensions [14,15,16] and hybrid contactless suspensions [17,18,19,20], biomedical applications [21,22], topology optimization [23], nuclear magnetic resonance [24,25], indoor positioning systems [26], navigation sensors [27], noncontact gap measurement sensors [28], wireless power transfer systems [29,30], magneto-inductive wireless communications [31] and others.…”