Determination of adsorbed and absorbed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in seawater microorganisms

Wallberg, Petra; Andersson, Agneta

doi:10.1016/s0304-4203(98)00078-4

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…To obtain an estimate of the absorbed fraction of HxCB 153 within the cells, one of the filters was washed twice with 5 ml of 40% (v/v) ethanol. At this ethanol concentration, the surface‐adsorbed HxCB 153 is removed, but the interior of the cells is not extracted [9]. The dissolved fraction was defined as less than 0.2 μm and measured by retrieving 5 ml of the 0.2‐μm filtrate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sum of the particulate and dissolved fractions constituted 90% ± 1% and 89% ± 1% of the whole‐water samples in the autotrophic and the heterotrophic communities, respectively. Blank corrections for the adsorption of HxCB 153 to the polycarbonate filters were determined according to the method described by Wallberg and Andersson [9]. In the experiment with the heterotrophic food web, the HxCB 153 concentration in the different size fractions was calculated as The corresponding calculation for the experiment with the autotrophic community was …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trophic transfer and passive uptake of a polychlorinated biphenyl in experimental marine microbial communities

Wallberg

Jonsson²,

Andersson

2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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To study the uptake mechanisms of 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HxCB 153) in microplankton with different feeding strategies, two laboratory communities were used. Trophic transfer of HxCB 153 was tested in a heterotrophic microbial food web consisting of bacteria, flagellates, and ciliates. Passive uptake was tested in a community consisting of algae and bacteria. The experiments were conducted over 6 d, and samples were retrieved daily. In the heterotrophic food web, a significant increase of the HxCB 153 concentration was observed in the top predator level (ciliates, p < 0.05), where the concentration doubled during the 3 d of the experiment. A concomitant decrease was observed in the ciliate prey (flagellates), indicating that HxCB 153 was redistributed due to trophic transfer. On average, 33% of the HxCB 153 was sorbed to ciliates over the course of the experiment. In the experiment with algae and bacteria, the HxCB 153 concentrations were relatively stable over time. The largest fraction partitioned into bacteria (57%), whereas only 4% of the HxCB 153 sorbed to the algae. The uptake was 8-fold higher in ciliates than in algae, although the algal biomass was 10-fold higher. The results imply that trophic transfer may be a significant transport route of more hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in plankton communities. In transfer models, this pathway may be taken into consideration so that the transport rate of HOCs to higher trophic levels is not underestimated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic transfer and passive uptake of a polychlorinated biphenyl in experimental marine microbial communities

Wallberg

Jonsson²,

Andersson

2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…PCBs have been found adsorbed on marine microorganisms, the ratio of adsorbed and taken up PCB congeners depended on the structure and lipids of the cells and the hydrophobicity of the congeners [10]. Through mechanical disturbances including sediment dwelling organisms, wind and rain water [11,12], PCBs subsequently enter into food chains ([3,6] and literature cited therein) and finally end up in the tissue of nearly all terrestrial and marine plants and animals, fish, mammals, fish‐ and non‐fish‐eating birds (e.g. barn owls; [13]), and humans [3], where it, through the effect of bioaccumulation/biomagnification, can reach harmful concentrations (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial reductive dehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls

Wiegel¹,

Wu²

2000

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

293

139

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Under anaerobic conditions, microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) occurs in soils and aquatic sediments. In contrast to dechlorination of supplemented single congeners for which frequently ortho dechlorination has been observed, reductive dechlorination mainly attacks meta and/or para chlorines of PCB mixtures in contaminated sediments, although in a few instances ortho dechlorination of PCBs has been observed. Different microorganisms appear to be responsible for different dechlorination activities and the occurrence of various dehalogenation routes. No axenic cultures of an anaerobic microorganism have been obtained so far. Most probable number determinations indicate that the addition of PCB congeners, as potential electron acceptors, stimulates the growth of PCB-dechlorinating microorganisms. A few PCB-dechlorinating enrichment cultures have been obtained and partially characterized. Temperature, pH, availability of naturally occurring or of supplemented carbon sources, and the presence or absence of H(2) or other electron donors and competing electron acceptors influence the dechlorination rate, extent and route of PCB dechlorination. We conclude from the sum of the experimental data that these factors influence apparently the composition of the active microbial community and thus the routes, the rates and the extent of the dehalogenation. The observed effects are due to the specificity of the dehalogenating bacteria which become active as well as changing interactions between the dehalogenating and non-dehalogenating bacteria. Important interactions include the induced changes in the formation and utilization of H(2) by non-dechlorinating and dechlorinating bacteria, competition for substrates and other electron donors and acceptors, and changes in the formation of acidic fermentation products by heterotrophic and autotrophic acidogenic bacteria leading to changes in the pH of the sediments.

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“…PCBs have been found adsorbed on marine microorganisms, the ratio of adsorbed and taken up PCB congeners depended on the structure and lipids of the cells and the hydrophobicity of the congeners [10]. Through mechanical disturbances including sediment dwelling organisms, wind and rain water [11,12], PCBs subsequently enter into food chains ( [3,6] and literature cited therein) and ¢nally end up in the tissue of nearly all terrestrial and marine plants and animals, ¢sh, mammals, ¢sh-and non-¢sh-eating birds (e.g. barn owls; [13]), and humans [3], where it, through the e¡ect of bioaccumulation/biomagni¢cation, can reach harmful concentrations (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial reductive dehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls

Wiegel

2000

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Under anaerobic conditions, microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) occurs in soils and aquatic sediments. In contrast to dechlorination of supplemented single congeners for which frequently ortho dechlorination has been observed, reductive dechlorination mainly attacks meta and/or para chlorines of PCB mixtures in contaminated sediments, although in a few instances ortho dechlorination of PCBs has been observed. Different microorganisms appear to be responsible for different dechlorination activities and the occurrence of various dehalogenation routes. No axenic cultures of an anaerobic microorganism have been obtained so far. Most probable number determinations indicate that the addition of PCB congeners, as potential electron acceptors, stimulates the growth of PCBdechlorinating microorganisms. A few PCB-dechlorinating enrichment cultures have been obtained and partially characterized. Temperature, pH, availability of naturally occurring or of supplemented carbon sources, and the presence or absence of H 2 or other electron donors and competing electron acceptors influence the dechlorination rate, extent and route of PCB dechlorination. We conclude from the sum of the experimental data that these factors influence apparently the composition of the active microbial community and thus the routes, the rates and the extent of the dehalogenation. The observed effects are due to the specificity of the dehalogenating bacteria which become active as well as changing interactions between the dehalogenating and non-dehalogenating bacteria. Important interactions include the induced changes in the formation and utilization of H 2 by non-dechlorinating and dechlorinating bacteria, competition for substrates and other electron donors and acceptors, and changes in the formation of acidic fermentation products by heterotrophic and autotrophic acidogenic bacteria leading to changes in the pH of the sediments. ß

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Determination of adsorbed and absorbed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in seawater microorganisms

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Trophic transfer and passive uptake of a polychlorinated biphenyl in experimental marine microbial communities

Trophic transfer and passive uptake of a polychlorinated biphenyl in experimental marine microbial communities

Microbial reductive dehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls

Microbial reductive dehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls

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