Determination of Agronomical Characters as the Resistance Attributes of Twenty Soybean Varieties to Stink Bug (Nezara viridula L.)

Abstract

Journal of Agricultural Science www.agrivita.ub.ac.id quality of the yield (Sosa-Gómez et al., 2019). To overcome pest attacks on soybeans should use the concept of integrated pest control (IPM), by using resistant varieties, technical culture, the use of natural enemies, the use of synthetic biopesticides and chemical pesticides. From the various components, biological control is an important component because of its roles as a key ecosystem service of IPM (Naranjo, Ellsworth, & Frisvold, 2015). Usually, the use of chemical pesticides become the first control attempt because chemical pesticides result quickly impact on the pest population. However, this pest control has side effects, such as poisoning in humans and animals, decreasing natural enemies, the emergence of resistance and resurgence of the pests, and environmental pollution (Carvalho, 2017; Damalas & Koutroubas, 2016; Nicolopoulou-Stamati, Maipas, Kotampasi, Stamatis, & Hens, 2016). Beside, insecticide resistance appears if the control relies exclusively on the use of classical chemical insecticides (Snodgrass & Scott, 2003).

RESISTANT LEVEL OF SOYBEAN GERMPLASM AGAINST POD SUCKING BUGS (Riptortus spp.)

“…infestation, with the percentage of damaged pods reaching 31%, an average probing frequency of 0.5, and resistance score 8 (Appendix 2). This result is interesting because Cikuray was previously known to have moderate tolerance to pod sucking pest, Nezara viridula (Kuswantoro et al 2020). The PI-092734 variety showed a resistant reaction to pod sucking pests, with a percentage of damaged pods 0.25%.…”

“…It is suggested that the stay-green syndrome might play important role in tolerance mechanism of plant against insect infestation. Kuswantoro et al ( 2020) also reported the presence of stay-green syndrome symptoms in soybean stalks in an evaluation of resistance to Nezara viridula (soybean pod sucker).…”

“…Damage pod (Figure 5) is one of the variables that determines the level of soybean resistance to pod sucking insects as reported by Kuswantoro et al (2020) andDa Fonseca Santos et al (2018), where the lower the damage pods ratio, the more resistant the varieties to pod sucking bugs. In this study, several soybean accessions from East Java showed a low percentage of damage pods, including Lokal Madiun, Lokal Tulungagung, Lokal Pasuruan, and Lokal Blitar (Figure 4).…”

“…These accessions were more resistant than the popular released variety such as Wilis, Grobogan, Detam 2, and Gepak Ijo. Kuswantoro et al (2020) reported that Grobogan is one of the varieties that responds susceptible to pod sucking pest N. viridula (stink bug), where 70% of the pods become empty due to the infestation of these sucking insects. Thus results of the study add valuable information that Grobogan is not only susceptible to N. viridula, but also to Riptortus spp.…”

Assessment of Soybean Resistance Level to Pod Sucking Bug Riptortus linearis F. (Hemiptera: Coreidae) based on No-choice and Free-choice Tests

“…Nevertheless, the use of a resistant variety of pod sucking bug is an important alternative to reduce the negative impact of inappropriate use of insecticides. A screening of soybean resistance for stink bug (N. viridula L.) in Indonesia has obtained three resistant varieties and it was also shown that pests favor varieties with a short reproductive phase followed by small seed sizes as a source of food (Kuswantoro et al 2020). Asadi et al (2012) obtained two resistant soybean Assessment of Soybean Resistance Level to Pod Sucking Bug Riptortus linearis F. (Hemiptera: Coreidae) based on No-choice... genotypes which its resistance was controlled by two recessive genes located at different loci with epistatic dominant interaction.…”