Determination of Algal‐available Phosphorus on Soil and Sediment: A Review and Analysis

Hegemann, David A.; Johnson, Arthur H.; Keenan, John D.

doi:10.2134/jeq1983.00472425001200010002x

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The amount of phosphate available to algae from sediments has been assessed by means of bioassays, which are cultures of algae with sediment as the only source of phosphate (Golterman, 1969 ;Hegemann et al, 1983 ;Klapwijk, 1982) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of phosphate in sediments and its relation with eutrophication of a Mediterranean coastal lagoon

Mesnage

Picot

1995

Hydrobiologia

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A major problem of the Mediterranean coastal lagoons is an excessive input of nutrients (i.e . N and P), causing eutrophic conditions in summer . The sediments of these lagoons can serve as a reservoir by fixing phosphate, or as a source when this phosphate is released under certain conditions . Knowledge of nutrient sources and fluxes is needed if coastal lagoons are to be protected against eutrophication . Therefore, we have evaluated the total pool of phosphate in the lagoon sediments, and the quantity of phosphate which may be released .Sediment profiles have been analysed at two stations of the 'Lagune de Thau' both in and outside the oyster-bank zone . A sequential fractionation, using chelating agents was performed to extract the inorganic (iron and calcium bound phosphate) and the organic phosphate fractions . A statistical analysis of the data set has revealed several significant factors which explain the fluctuations of the concentrations of each phosphate fraction . These factors are : the time of year (seasons), the depth (5 cm layers of sediment), and the site (station) .A spatial and a temporal variation of the concentration of Tot-P was found . The largest variation between the two different zones appeared only in the first five cm of sediment. There is only a slight seasonal variation in the amount of phosphate at other depths at the two different zones . Season and station are the factors which control the variations in distribution of phosphate fractions . The spatial and temporal variations of the iron and calcium bound phosphate are explained by the redox potential and pH in the top layer of the sediment .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of phosphate in sediments and its relation with eutrophication of a Mediterranean coastal lagoon

Mesnage

Picot

1995

Hydrobiologia

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“…The differences in SS concentrations can be explained by greater flow rates during storm flow than base flow: flow rate and SS erosion are usually correlated. Similarly, since P is tightly sorbed to sediment (Hegemann et al 1983), TP concentration can be expected to increase with flow rate. Elevated TP concentrations can also induce DRP enrichment of flowing water provided P is desorbed in proportion to TP concentration.…”

Section: Contaminant Concentration and Load In Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of safe wallows to improve water quality in deer farmed catchments

McDowell

2009

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The pastoral grazing of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) is common in New Zealand. However, red deer have a natural instinct to seek out water and wallow in it. In headwater catchments, red deer frequently create a wallow in a wet area connected to a waterway causing substantial contamination via excretal returns and erosion. It is not sufficient to fence off wallows as deer will make new ones nearby. Hence, this study aimed to determine whether the fencing-off of the old wallow and the creation of a "safe" wallow unconnected to a stream would mitigate contaminant loss. The study used paired catchments with the calibration year establishing the relationship between the catchments for fortnightly base flow samples and storm flow samples taken at the same time in each catchment. After a year, the treatment (safe wallow and fencing-off) was imposed and a new relationship established. During the calibration year, median concentrations in stream flow of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) species, suspended sediment (SS), and the faecal indicator bacteria, E. coli were generally in excess of recommended guidelines for lowland water quality and contact recreation in New Zealand (guidelines = 9 μg dissolved reactive P litre -1 , 30 μg total P litre -1 , 444 μg nitrate-and nitrite-N litre -1 , 0.9 mg NH 4 + -N litre -1 at pH 7, 4 mg SS litre -1 , and 260 MPN 100 ml -1 ). Loads of P(up to c. 3 kg Pha -1 ) and SS (up to 4 Mg ha -1 ) were among the highest measured for pastoral catchments in New Zealand. However, after A08042; Online publication date 27 January 2009 Received 31 July 2008 accepted 10 December 2008 the treatment was imposed, loads decreased by up to 90%. Analysis indicated that the decreases were significant for P species, SS, and E. coli, while the decrease in NH 4 + -N was not significant (P = 0.053). The use of safe wallows in conjunction with fencing off and planting the old wallow is recommended as a method for mitigating water quality problems associated with deer wallows.

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“…However, many authors have shown that 20 to 80% of PP (particulate phosphorus) may be available for algae if most of PP is inorganic, e.g. incorporated into clay particles (see Golterman et al, 1969;Williams et al, 1980;Young & De Pinto, 1982;Hegemann et al, 1983). Grobbelaar (1983) showed that more than 80% of the acid-labile phosphorus adsorbed to suspended solids may be available for algae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion, phosphorus and phytoplankton response in rivers of South-Eastern Norway

Krogstad

Løvstad

1989

Hydrobiologia

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The development of P fractions and phytoplankton was studied in three rivers with varying concentrations of seston.Less than 1% of the yearly TP transport may take place during periods with high algal biomass. The observation of a high growth rate of phytoplankton in the rivers coinciding with high concentrations of RP, low content of seston and high TP:Chl a ratio, indicate that the growth was often not P-limiting. During short periods with high phytoplankton biomass the ratio TP:Chl a may be low, indicating that a high fraction of TP was available.The content of P in soil samples and in samples with high seston content was about 0.1% of dry weight, and the algal availability of P often varied between 25 and 75% of TP for both types of samples.Decreasing biomass or low growth rates were observed at secchi depths less than 0.5 m and seston concentrations less than about 25 mg dry weight 1 -'. High flow rate also depressed the development of the total phytoplankton biomass. The assimilation of available P is incomplete under such conditions, i.e. under conditions of light limitation and high dilution rate.The availability of P for phytoplankton in rivers with different length, light conditions and stream velocity is discussed.

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Determination of Algal‐available Phosphorus on Soil and Sediment: A Review and Analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

The distribution of phosphate in sediments and its relation with eutrophication of a Mediterranean coastal lagoon

The distribution of phosphate in sediments and its relation with eutrophication of a Mediterranean coastal lagoon

The use of safe wallows to improve water quality in deer farmed catchments

Erosion, phosphorus and phytoplankton response in rivers of South-Eastern Norway

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