Determination of aluminum levels in serum and red blood cells from long-term haemodialysis patients using instrumental neutron activation analysis

Sharif, Amir Abdolah Mehrdad; Ghafourian, Hossein; Ahmadiniar, A.; Husain, Syed Waqif; Saber-Tehrani, Mohammad; Ghods, H

doi:10.1023/b:jrnc.0000046780.05682.cf

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There is a significant body of research concerned with the transport of aluminum in blood 3–5. For example, while it is known that aluminum in whole blood is distributed between corpuscular and noncorpuscular fractions 4–8, only the latter, and specifically the seral fraction, has been implicated in blood aluminum transport 3. Of this fraction, it is now accepted that 90% or more of aluminum in serum is bound to the iron‐transport protein, transferrin 3, 5, 9, with the remaining 10% associated with lower‐molecular‐weight ligands including citrate and phosphate 10, 11.…”

Section: Aluminum In Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational approach to the blood–aluminum problem?

Exley

Beardmore

Rugg

2006

Int J of Quantum Chemistry

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ABSTRACT:Aluminum has no known function in biota and, when biologically available, is inimical to life. A key to understanding its potential toxicity in humans is its transport in blood. A consensus of opinion has identified the binding of aluminum by the iron-transport protein transferrin as the preeminent factor in the transport of aluminum in blood, although this idea has emanated from in vitro analysis of isolated blood and has never been tested in vivo. We have highlighted what we believe to be inadequacies of our present understanding of aluminum transport in blood, and we have proposed the application of computational methods to test rigorously what we have coined "the blood-aluminum problem."

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Section: Aluminum In Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational approach to the blood–aluminum problem?

Exley

Beardmore

Rugg

2006

Int J of Quantum Chemistry

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“…Therefore, the evaluation of aluminum levels in biological fluids for prevention of aluminum overload has attracted considerable attention in the field of clinical chemistry. Several instrumental techniques have been employed for this purpose such as Electro Thermal Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (ETAAS), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS), Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and fluorimetry (Magalhaes et al 2002;Wahlen et al 2005;Sharif et al 2004;Lian et al 2003;Saito et al 2005;Kashimura et al 2003;Tamada 2004;Suzuki, Imai, and Kamiki 1989;Guray et al 2005;Zaijun et al 2007). Although ETAAS and ICP-MS techniques are generally preferred because of their excellent sensitivity and specificity, their rather costly maintenance limit the usage of these instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorimetric Analysis of Aluminum in Diluted Hemodialysis Solutions by Using a Novel Schiff Base

2010

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A spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for trace amount of aluminum(III) by using a novel Schiff base, N,N 0 -bis(salicylidene)-1,4-diaminobuthane (BUTAS), and 4-methyl-2-aminophenol (OAP). Since the aluminum complexes are generally fluorescent, aluminum(III) increases the fluorescence intensity of BUTAS-OAP by formation of Al-BUTAS-OAP complex. The fluorescence of the complex is measured at an excitation wavelength of 410 nm with an emission at 526 nm. Aluminum(III) can be detected within a concentration limit of 0.11-1.62 ppb and the lowest detection limit being 0.07 ppb. The proposed method was applied to diluted hemodialysis solution and spectrofluorimetric data was compared with data of standard pharmacopoeia method.

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“…[21][22][23] There are several in vitro techniques that are used for the detection of Al in human tissue samples such as atomic emission and absorption spectroscopy, electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy, 24 x-ray fluorescence, and neutron activation analysis ͑NAA͒. 25 These analytical techniques have limited success in clinical settings for diagnosis of cumulative toxic exposure to Al due to several reasons such as sensitivity, possibility of contamination of the samples, and severe patient discomfort associated with these intrusive tests. For example, cumulative toxic levels of Al in the human body are diagnosed using the analysis of iliac crest bone biopsy samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo measurement of bone aluminum in population living in southern Ontario, Canada

et al. 2008

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The harmful biological effect of excessive aluminum (Al) load in humans has been well documented in the literature. Al stored in bone, for instance due to dialysis treatment or occupational exposure, can interfere with normal bone remodeling leading to osteodystrophy, osteoarthritis, or osteomalacia. On the other hand, the relationship between chronic Al exposure and the risk of Alzheimer's disease remains controversial. In this work, the feasibility of in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA) for measuring Al levels in the human hand bone, using the thermal neutron capture reaction 27Al(n, gamma)28 Al, is reported. This noninvasive diagnostic technique employs a high beam current Tandetron accelerator based neutron source, an irradiation/shielding cavity, a 47pi NaI(Tl) detector system, and a new set of hand bone phantoms. The photon spectra of the irradiated phantom closely resemble those collected from the hands of nonexposed healthy subjects. A protocol was developed using the newly developed hand phantoms, which resulted in a minimum detectable limit (MDL) of 0.29 mg Al in the human hand. Using the ratio of Al to Ca as an index of Al levels per unit bone mass, the MDL was determined as 19.5 +/- 1.5 microg Al/g Ca, which is within the range of the measured levels of 20-27 microg Al/g Ca [ICRP Report of the Task Group on Reference Man, Publication 23 (Pergamon, Oxford, 1975)] found in other in vivo and in vitro studies. Following the feasibility studies conducted with phantoms, the diagnostic technique was used to measure Al levels in the hand bones of 20 healthy human subjects. The mean hand bone Al concentration was determined as 27.1 +/- 16.1 (+/-1 SD) microg Al/g Ca. The average standard error (1sigma) in the Al/Ca is 14.0 microg Al/g Ca, which corresponds to an average relative error of 50% in the measured levels of Al/Ca. These results were achieved with a dose equivalent of 17.6 mSv to a hand and an effective dose of 14.4 microSv. This effective dose is approximately half of that received in a chest radiograph examination. It is recommended to investigate the use of the bone Al IVNAA diagnostic technique for in vivo measurements of patients with documented overload of Al in bone.

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Determination of aluminum levels in serum and red blood cells from long-term haemodialysis patients using instrumental neutron activation analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Computational approach to the blood–aluminum problem?

Computational approach to the blood–aluminum problem?

Fluorimetric Analysis of Aluminum in Diluted Hemodialysis Solutions by Using a Novel Schiff Base

In vivo measurement of bone aluminum in population living in southern Ontario, Canada

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