Determination of anabolic–androgenic steroid adulterants in counterfeit drugs by UHPLC–MS/MS

Cho, So-Hyun; Park, Hyoung Joon; Lee, Ji Hyun; Do, Jung-Ah; Heo, Seok; Jo, Jeong Hwa; Cho, Soo-Yeul

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.018

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The increasing distribution and misuse of black market products urgently requires comprehensive analytical procedures for their identification. Several analytical methods published in recent years have focused on the analysis of counterfeit AAS products primarily using liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC), often coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) . Although studies have focused on testing the quality of AAS products, quantitative analysis is necessary to avoid underestimating the counterfeit rate of AAS products .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cho et al developed an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method for quantification of 26 AAS. The method was used for analysis of 19 samples, and nearly half of the samples were adulterated . Poucke et al used LC–MS/MS for the determination of AAS in 19 different dietary supplements and concluded that 60% of the samples contained at least one AAS .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Therefore, the use of doping substances is an issue of a wider public health problem. [2][3][4][5][6] The black market for AAS is expanding due to a higher consumer demand. 7 The products sold on the black market are often counterfeit and adulterated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several analytical methods published in recent years have focused on the analysis of counterfeit AAS products primarily using liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC), often coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). 3,[11][12][13][14][15][16] Although studies have focused on testing the quality of AAS products, 16,17 quantitative analysis is necessary to avoid underestimating the counterfeit rate of AAS products. 10 different dietary supplements and concluded that 60% of the samples contained at least one AAS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of anabolic steroids currently available on the black market in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Tirčová

Bosáková

Kozlík

2018

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Over the past decade, the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) by recreational bodybuilders and regular gym members has been increasing exponentially. However, there is a lack of knowledge on AAS products sold in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The aim of this study was to assess the quantity of active substances in AAS products obtained from AAS users in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In addition, the study also examines the current trends in counterfeit AAS products used by recreational bodybuilders and regular gym members. For this purpose, the authors developed and validated a universal ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method to determine the most popular doping substances in different pharmaceutical formulations (oil‐based injectables, tablets, and capsules). This method was successfully utilized for the analysis of 358 AAS products. Our results showed that 58.9% AAS products analyzed contained the declared active substances at the declared concentrations, 15.9% contained no active substance, 16.8% were under‐concentrated, 4.5% contained active substances different from those declared on the label, and 3.6% products were over‐concentrated. Alarmingly, the results demonstrated that over 40% of the AAS analyzed failed to meet label claims and therefore may pose serious health risks to consumers. This study also highlighted that the availability of AAS should be more rigorously restricted and their quality closely monitored in order to protect AAS users. In conclusion, the authors have developed a precise, accurate, sensitive, selective, and robust method for the routine screening of products containing anabolic androgenic steroids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of anabolic steroids currently available on the black market in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Tirčová

Bosáková

Kozlík

2018

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…[6][7][8] In this context the role of sports nutrition and supplementation [9,10] also warrants frequent revisiting, especially in light of the ever growing body of evidence regarding supplement adulterations. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Data generated, particularly in the field of drug development, necessitate early consideration in doping control as well as new information on new target analytes facilitating the detection of doping agents by, for example, extending windows of opportunity for sports drug testing laboratories. Similarly, factors potentially affecting physiological parameters and/or measurands of doping analyses are continuously elucidated and assessed concerning their relevance in a sports drug testing context, allowing for up-to-date analyses in-and out-of-competition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual banned‐substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing

Thevis

Kuuranne

Walpurgis

et al. 2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The aim of improving anti-doping efforts is predicated on several different pillars, including, amongst others, optimized analytical methods. These commonly result from exploiting most recent developments in analytical instrumentation as well as research data on elite athletes' physiology in general, and pharmacology, metabolism, elimination, and downstream effects of prohibited substances and methods of doping, in particular. The need for frequent and adequate adaptations of sports drug testing procedures has been incessant, largely due to the uninterrupted emergence of new chemical entities but also due to the apparent use of established or even obsolete drugs for reasons other than therapeutic means, such as assumed beneficial effects on endurance, strength, and regeneration capacities. Continuing the series of annual banned-substance reviews, literature concerning human sports drug testing published between October 2014 and September 2015 is summarized and reviewed in reference to the content of the 2015 Prohibited List as issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), with particular emphasis on analytical approaches and their contribution to enhanced doping controls.

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Extraction and analytical approaches in the forensic evaluation of anabolic androgenic steroid formulations

Berneira

Poletti

Freitas

et al. 2021

WIREs Forensic Science

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Anabolic androgenic steroids are controlled or prohibited substances worldwide since their abusive usage can lead to extensive side effects. For forensic purposes, apprehended formulations of anabolic agents have to be analyzed to determine their components as well as possible adulterants and contaminants. Nevertheless, there are no comprehensive reviews in the field in order to compile the methods and analytical techniques that have been described so far.Therefore, the aim of this work was to review the analytical techniques and methods of extraction available for the analysis of formulations of anabolic agents. In this sense, 76 research works that analyzed formulations of anabolic agents from 1979 to 2021 were reviewed and distributed under the extraction methods and the analytical techniques employed by the authors. Generally, ultrasonic-assisted extraction associated with methanol as extractor solvent is the procedure of choice with little contribution of solid or liquid-liquid extraction. According to the literature, there are several analytical tools available for the analysis of these substances, although gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as well as spectroscopic techniques are frequently employed. Nonetheless, novel techniques have been developed in order to decrease analysis time, cost, and sample preparation, which are important features in the expressive numbers of anabolic agents apprehended yearly. Therefore, the application of adequate methods of extraction coupled to suitable analytical techniques can be efficient forensic tools in order to contest the illicit supply of anabolic androgenic steroids providing consistent evidence to legal courts.

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Determination of anabolic–androgenic steroid adulterants in counterfeit drugs by UHPLC–MS/MS

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

Development of an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of anabolic steroids currently available on the black market in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Development of an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of anabolic steroids currently available on the black market in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Annual banned‐substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing

Extraction and analytical approaches in the forensic evaluation of anabolic androgenic steroid formulations

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