Determination of Angiopoietin Like Protein-4 Levels and Some Parameters in Iraqi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

A. Background: Diabetes initiates the thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis through changing the function of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and platelets. Also insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia can lead to arterial atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. Angiopoietin like protein-4 (ANGPTL4) is a multifunctional protein involved in lipid regulation, energy metabolism, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Its expression is stimulated in liver, heart, muscle and adipose tissue, during the acute phase response. C-reactive protein directly induces the expression of adhesion molecules by endothelial cells. Also recruiting monocytes into the vessel wall are triggered by the expression of specific chemokines particularly monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), all these processes induce the risk of atherosclerotic complications with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). B. Aim of this study:To study the role of ANGPTL4 in T2DM patients with and without atherosclerosis risk factor (dyslipidemia), and to demonstrate the relationship of ANGPTL4 with inflammatory process.

Novel Investigative Study on the Anticancer Potential of Plant Extracts and Silver Nanoparticles as Inhibitory Agents for Lung Cancer

“…These results align with recent discoveries indicating a substantial escalation in the susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma due to heightened cellular retinol-binding protein-1 levels [27,28].…”

Effect of DNA damage mediating psychosocial stress on aging

“…Psychosocial stress (Including work-related stress, low socioeconomic status, stressful life events, caregiving, loneliness, and low social support) may stimulate neurobiological stress that play an important role in causing disease aging, such as cardiovascular disease, therefore, this stress is accelerating the biological aging process. This stress correlates with the aging process when individuals are unable to recover from a stressor (1)(2)(3). Neurobiological stress activation can cause the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to secrete norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) into blood vessels, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to secrete glucocorticoids (GC) into blood vessels, and HPA is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus (a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the hypothalamus), and the adrenal.…”