Determination of antimalarial drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and human blood by liquid chromatography: a review

Penna, Eduarda Alves; Souza, Jéssica de; Oliveira, Marcone Augusto Leal de; Chellini, Paula Rocha

doi:10.1039/d1ay01173a

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…To date, there are only a few studies published and these have been limited to one drug − or only one conformer of the neutral forms of some of the drugs . Due to the sustained use of most of these drugs for malaria treatment in single or combined dosages, as well as continuing investigations of their potential repurposing, analytical methods based on mass spectrometry for quantification of these drugs, their metabolites and degradation products have been the focus of several analytical studies for which electrospray (ESI) in the positive mode is the preferred method of ionization. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational and Experimental IM-MS Determination of the Protonated Structures of Antimalarial Drugs

Valadbeigi,

Causon

2024

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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A combination of ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) measurements and computational methods were used to study structural and physicochemical properties of a range of quinoline-based drugs: amodiaquine (AQ), cinchonine (CIN), chloroquine (CQ), mefloquine (MQ), pamaquine (PQ), primaquine (PR), quinacrine (QR), quinine (QN), and sitamaquine (SQ). In experimental studies, ionization of these compounds using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) yields monoprotonated species in the gas phase while electrospray ionization (ESI) also produces diprotonated forms of AQ, CQ, and QR and also for PQ, SQ, and QN in the presence of formic acid as an additive. Comparison of the trajectory-method-calculated and experimental IM-derived collisional cross sections (CCS N2 ) were used to assign both the protonation sites and conformer geometry of all drugs considered with biases of 0.7−2.8% between calculated and experimental values. It was found that, in solution, AQ and QR are protonated at the ring nitrogen of the quinoline group, whereas the other drugs are protonated at the amine group of the alkyl chain. Finally, the conformers of [M + H] + and [M + 2H] 2+ assigned according to the lowest energies and CCS N2 calculations were used to calculate the pK a values of the antimalarial drugs and the relative abundance of these ions at different pH values that provided validation of the computational and experimental IM-MS results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational and Experimental IM-MS Determination of the Protonated Structures of Antimalarial Drugs

Valadbeigi,

Causon

2024

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…ARTS decomposition was studied in methanol, methanol and water (90:10 v/v), and methanol and ammonium acetate (85:15 v/v). These are the common solvents used in chromatographic analysis [33][34][35]. The decomposition products as well as the rates of decomposition were compared in three solvent systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-MS/TOF Characterization and Stability Study of Artesunate in Different Solvent Systems

Oke

2022

Separations

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Artemisinin (ART) is a sesquiterpene lactone and a popular malaria drug used in many parts of the world. Artesunate (ARTS) is a semi-synthetic derivative of ART with improved pharmacokinetic properties. However, the half-life of ARTS is less than an hour in vivo. The analysis of this drug in vitro in different solvent systems using LC-MS/TOF showed a solvent-driven breakdown. ARTS breakdown formed several derivatives, including dihydroartemisinin (DHA), artemether (ARTM) and DHA-dimer among others, at different rates in different solvent composition systems. The change in temperature from room temperature to physiological temperature (37 °C) was found to enhance the rate of the ARTS breakdown. In methanol, ARTS mainly formed ARTM with a chromatographic peak decrease of about 3.13%, while methanol and water (90:10) v/v mainly gave rise to DHA and ARTM with about an 80% chromatographic peak decrease. On the other hand, ARTS in methanol and ammonium acetate (85:15) v/v formed DHA, ARTM, DHA-dimer and other reaction peaks with about a 97% peak decrease and the formation of an orange solution pointing to a molecular re-arrangement reaction. These results have an important bearing on research on the analysis of artemisinin drugs conducted on these common solvents.

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Antimalarial analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples by capillary electrophoresis: the state of the art and applications

Queiroz de Souza,

Penna,

Chellini

et al. 2024

Anal. Methods

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Determination of antimalarial drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and human blood by liquid chromatography: a review

Abstract: Malaria is a life-threatening disease being treated by oral medication, this treatment is the best way to reduce morbidity, mortality, prevent disease progression to the most severe form, lower the...

Cited by 4 publications

References 79 publications

Computational and Experimental IM-MS Determination of the Protonated Structures of Antimalarial Drugs

Computational and Experimental IM-MS Determination of the Protonated Structures of Antimalarial Drugs

LC-MS/TOF Characterization and Stability Study of Artesunate in Different Solvent Systems

Antimalarial analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples by capillary electrophoresis: the state of the art and applications

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