Determination of antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from chicken and human in Indonesia

Abstract

Salmonella enteritidis, a foodborne pathogen, can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected livestock or consumption of contaminated chicken food. The excessive use of antibiotic in both animals and humans can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. The profile of antibiotic resistance was identified by this study. A total of 52 S. enteritidis isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility in the Research Center for Veterinary Science of the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). These isolates were obtained from various source, including chickens (41 isolates), feed (2 isolates) farm water (2 isolates), and humans (7 isolates). The Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test (AST)was performed using the agar diffusion technique (Kirby-Bauer method). The results revealed that S. enteritidis exhibited resistance to 11 antibiotics. The highest resistance rates were observed for Colistine sulphate (75%), Meropenem (67.31%), and Nalidixic acid (67.31%). Other antibiotics to which resistance was observed included Cefotaxime (65.38%), Ampicillin (61.54%), Ceftazidime (50%), Streptomycin (26.92%), Gentamycin (15.38%), Tetracycline (9.62%), Chloramphenicol (5.77%), and Ciprofloxacin (1,92%). It was found that the S. enteritidis isolates were multi-drug resistant, with 73,08% of the isolates showing resistance to 1-5 antibiotics, and 26,92% displaying resistance to 6-10 antibiotics. These findings indicate that the local isolates of S. enteritidis obtained from chickens and humans in this study exhibited resistance to the tested antibiotics, potentially attributed to antibiotic therapy or the spread of resistant strains.