Determination of Antiviral Drugs and Their Metabolites Using Micro-Solid Phase Extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS in Reversed-Phase and Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Modes

Fical, Luboš; Khalikova, Maria; Vlčková, Hana; Lhotská, Ivona; Hadysová, Zuzana; Vokřál, Ivan; Červený, Lukáš; Švec, František; Nováková, Lucie

doi:10.3390/molecules26082123

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The optimized SPE-CFBP-HPLC/UV method has been validated. Method validation was carried out under the requirements of ICH and EMA (Fical et al 2021 ). Selectivity has been confirmed since no interfering peaks were found in the blank extract at the retention time of the investigated analytes (Tahrani et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cuttlefish bone powder as an efficient solid-phase extraction sorbent of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs in environmental water

et al. 2022

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Many antiviral drugs were developed to counteract coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19) with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Therefore, the scientific community's efforts have focused on the detection and quantification of antiviral compounds currently being tested for COVID-19 treatment. Cuttlefish bone powder (CFBP) has been used for the first time as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent for the extraction of SARS CoV-2 antiviral drugs (chloroquine, ritonavir and indomethacin) from water samples. An effective and sensitive method was developed by combining SPE and liquid chromatography- UV detection (LC-UV). An experimental design was applied for the optimization of extraction process. Experimental variables were optimized using Doehlert matrix. The developed method included 50 mg of CFBP sorbent, 20 mL of water sample at pH = 9 and 5 mL of ACN/KH 2 PO 4 buffer solution (80:20, v/v) in the elution step. For validation of the method, selectivity, linearity precision, and sensitivity were evaluated. Extraction recovery percentage of all Sars cov-2 antivirals were above 98.2%. The detection and quantification limits were between 0.1 and 0.5 µg L −1 and 0.6 and 2 µg L −1 , respectively. The current study suggested that CFBP has the application potential for the enhanced SPE of SARS CoV-2 antiviral drugs from water samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cuttlefish bone powder as an efficient solid-phase extraction sorbent of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs in environmental water

et al. 2022

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“…Using UPLC BEH Amide and Agilent SB-Aq columns, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) [25,26] was utilized to determine acyclovir, amantadine, and oseltamivir in chicken tissues and muscle. Multiple methods have been developed for detecting antiviral medicines in bodily fluids [27,28]. Using Diamonsil-5 m and Novaflex C18 columns and HPLC with fluorescence and ultraviolet detection, antiviral drugs in human plasma were determined [29][30][31] using fluorescence and ultraviolet detection.…”

Section: Figure 1: Chemical Structures Of Acyclovir Amantadine and Os...mentioning

confidence: 99%

RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneously Quantifying the Antiviral Drug Contents of Acyclovir, Amantadine, and Oseltamivir in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Ahmed,

Rasheed

2024

Iraqi Journal of Science

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Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, whereas antiviral drugs treat viral illnesses. Antivirals are used to treat a variety of infectious diseases, including COVID-19 and influenza. The technique of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) provides more sensitivity and precision than other approaches, particularly spectrophotometric. This research seeks to develop a simple method for simultaneously quantifying acyclovir, amantadine, and oseltamivir in creams and capsules. The RP-HPLC method optimization and development for verifying the separation and quantification of three antiviral drugs included the investigation of the optimal buffer concentration, pH value, and acetonitrile content. On a C8 HyperClone BDS column, the RP-HPLC system with UV detection achieved separation (250 x 4.60 mm, 130A, and 5). The mixture of acetonitrile and acetate buffer as mobile phase gradient elution at a detection wavelength of 254 nm and 1 mL/min flow rate. The proposed method provided a linear range of 0.08-10.5, 0.06-4.5 and 0.02-14 μg/mL, as well as excellent validated values for LOD (0.0205, 0.0107, and 0.0083 μg/mL) and LOQ (0.0621, 0.0324 and 0.0251 μg/mL) with a coefficient of determination (r2) of the regression line of 0.9998, 0.9988, and 0.9994 for acyclovir, amantadine, and oseltamivir, respectively.

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“…Following regulatory procedures, ecotoxicity assays have not been performed in sufficient quantity to allow ecological hazard assessment [ 28 ]. The main focus of the research has of course been set on medical aspects, such as organ toxicity, biomedical analysis in samples of veterinary and human fluids for metabolism screening and pharmacokinetic investigations, otherwise antibody formation after application of vaccines [ 29 – 37 ]. A very widely applicable HPLC-MS method has not been proposed yet [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of anti-SARS-CoV-2 virustatic pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment using high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry

2023

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The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the global population since 2019. The rapid development and approval of vaccines has brought relief. Yet, effective cures are still being researched. Even if the pandemic situation may end, SARS-CoV-2 will remain and, thus, continued application of the drugs will lead to emissions of the active ingredients into the aquatic environment, as with other anthropogenic micropollutants. However, a general method for trace analysis of antiviral drugs is still missing. To this purpose, favipiravir, remdesivir, its active metabolite GS-441524, molnupiravir and its active metabolite EIDD-1931 were selected as representative analytes. A method was developed based on solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry. Optimization comprised the choice of chromatographic columns, elution gradient, mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry parameters. Solid phase extraction proved suitable for increase in limits of detection and quantitation. amelioration of the limits of detection and quantitation. Matrix effects were investigated applying the optimized method to a wastewater sample with added virustatics. All five compounds could be separated with reversed phase chromatography, whereas EIDD-1931 profited from hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. The optimized method yielded limits of detection and quantification of 2.1·10-1, 6.9·10-1 µg·L-1 for favipiravir, 1.8·10-3, 5.5·10-3 µg·L-1 for remdesivir, 1.9·10-3, 7.6·10-3 µg·L-1 for GS-441524, 2.9·10-3, 8.7·10-3 µg·L-1 for molnupiravir, and 1.3·10-1, 3.8·10-1 µg·L-1 for EIDD 1931. The method was first applied to compound stability testing at pH 2.8 and 9.7. At pH 2.8, remdesivir, GS-441524 and molnupiravir proved stable, whereas about 14% of EIDD-1931 and favipiravir were degraded. All five antiviral compounds were almost completely decomposed at pH 9.7. The application of the method was further demonstrated for potential transformation product detection on favipiravir ozonation monitoring. Graphical abstract

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Determination of Antiviral Drugs and Their Metabolites Using Micro-Solid Phase Extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS in Reversed-Phase and Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Modes

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Cuttlefish bone powder as an efficient solid-phase extraction sorbent of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs in environmental water

Cuttlefish bone powder as an efficient solid-phase extraction sorbent of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs in environmental water

RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneously Quantifying the Antiviral Drug Contents of Acyclovir, Amantadine, and Oseltamivir in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Determination of anti-SARS-CoV-2 virustatic pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment using high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry

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