Determination of ash content and concomitant acquisition of cell compositions in microalgae via thermogravimetric (TG) analysis

Liu, Jiao; Pan, Yanfei; Yao, Changhong; Wang, Haitao; Cao, Xupeng; Xue, Song

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2015.08.018

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Such reduction in the ash content is consistent with the trend observed for the concentrations of volatile Na and K determined at temperatures of 600−800 °C (see Figure 6). A similar phenomenon on the reduction of ash contents as a result of increasing ashing temperatures from 600 to 800 or 815 °C has also been reported for algae 32 and lignocellulosic biomass. 33 Due to the absence of unburned carbon in the ash residues over the entire temperature range of 600−800 °C, although the reduction of the ash content is minor, it is recommended to determine the ash content for Spirulina (7.3 wt %, db) via direct ashing the algal biomass at 600 °C in air, to eliminate the volatilization of alkali metals at a higher temperature.…”

Section: Attemptssupporting

confidence: 79%

Analytical Procedure for Proximate Analysis of Algal Biomass: Case Study forSpirulina platensisandChlorella vulgaris

et al. 2019

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This contribution develops an analytical procedure for the proximate analysis of algal biomass, using Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris as model algal samples. The procedure consists of three steps. First, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)-based method designed from ASTM E870-82 was employed for the proximate analysis of the two algae, at 950 °C in argon for the determination of volatile matter (VM) and fixed carbon (FC) and at 600 °C in air for estimating the ash content. Visual inspection of the resulting solid residues suggested the presence of black unburnt carbon, indicating the inapplicability of the method. Nevertheless, the contents of moisture, VM, and the sum of FC and ash in the two algae were determined in this step. In the second step, Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris were directly oxidized at 600 °C in air, in the same TGA as above, to avoid or minimize the effect of stable quaternary nitrogen formed during pyrolysis at 950 °C in the first step. While Spirulina platensis was successfully ashed in this step, the solid residue of Chlorella vulgaris was virtually black. This necessitated the third step, in which Chlorella vulgaris was ashed in the air at 600 °C in a tubular reactor, with the aid of hydrogen peroxide. Nearly complete oxidation of carbonaceous material in Chlorella vulgaris was achieved when the holding time at 600 °C was 4 h. Based on the proposed analytical procedure, the contents of VM, FC, and ash are 82.3, 10.4, and 7.3 wt %, respectively, for Spirulina platensis and 84.3, 10.4, and 5.3 wt % for Chlorella vulgaris, expressed on a dry basis.

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Section: Attemptssupporting

confidence: 79%

Analytical Procedure for Proximate Analysis of Algal Biomass: Case Study forSpirulina platensisandChlorella vulgaris

et al. 2019

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“…Emiliania huxleyi biomass was analyzed for the content (expressed as a percentage of freeze-dried sample weight) of moisture and ash, protein, sugar, and lipids. In terms of ash content, two methods were used: the traditional method at 575 °C in a muffle and TG at a temperature of 600 °C, which has been proposed as a more reasonable terminal temperature for the determining the ash content of microalgae [ 34 ]. A similar content was obtained for the two methods (48.0% by TG versus 50.8% by muffle furnace) with the advantages of the TG method, which requires only a few milligrams of biomass and is more automated than the muffle method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the ash determination [ 33 ], the same biomass samples (previously dried at 105 °C) were incinerated in a muffle furnace at 575 °C for 6 h, cooled to room temperature, and weighed. In complement to this common method used in a muffle, the ash content was also determined by thermogravimetry (TG), using a protocol optimized for microalgae as follows: 5–10 mg of biomass submitted under an air atmosphere to a heating rate of 20 °C min −1 from room temperature to 600 °C (held for 30 min) [ 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Polar Lipidome of Cultured Emiliania huxleyi: A Source of Bioactive Lipids with Relevance for Biotechnological Applications

et al. 2020

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Polar lipids from microalgae have aroused greater interest as a natural source of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), an alternative to fish, but also as bioactive compounds with multiple applications. The present study aims to characterize the polar lipid profile of cultured microalga Emiliania huxleyi using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HILIC–MS) and fatty acids (FA) analysis by gas chromatography (GC–MS). The lipidome of E. huxleyi revealed the presence of distinct n-3 PUFA (40% of total FA), namely docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and stearidonic acid (18:4n-3), which give this microalga an increased commercial value as a source of n-3 PUFA present in the form of polar lipids. A total of 134 species of polar lipids were identified and some of these species, particularly glycolipids, have already been reported for their bioactive properties. Among betaine lipids, the diacylglyceryl carboxyhydroxymethylcholine (DGCC) class is the least reported in microalgae. For the first time, monomethylphosphatidylethanolamine (MMPE) has been found in the lipidome of E. huxleyi. Overall, this study highlights the potential of E. huxleyi as a sustainable source of high-value polar lipids that can be exploited for different applications, namely human and animal nutrition, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

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“…In these samples, the major peak appears at 263 • C and 270 • C, respectively. This thermal event is generally associated with the decomposition of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates (Liu et al 2015;Pane et al 2001). The disappearance of the shoulder at 314 • C in N deprived cells can be due to the decomposition of part of the proteins, which content is drastically reduced in N starved algal cells, or modifications in the starch composition, which is enriched in the unbranched amylose fraction under N starvation, as it has been reported that nitrogen starvation in Chlamydomonas triggers decrease in amylopectin fraction, from 95% to 70% (Libessart et al 1995).…”

Section: Characterization Of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii Under N-starve...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Production of Carotenoids and Chemical Building Blocks Precursors from Chlorophyta Microalgae

Rengel¹,

Giráldez²,

Díaz

et al. 2022

SSRN Journal

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Determination of ash content and concomitant acquisition of cell compositions in microalgae via thermogravimetric (TG) analysis

Cited by 30 publications

References 34 publications

Analytical Procedure for Proximate Analysis of Algal Biomass: Case Study forSpirulina platensisandChlorella vulgaris

Analytical Procedure for Proximate Analysis of Algal Biomass: Case Study forSpirulina platensisandChlorella vulgaris

The Polar Lipidome of Cultured Emiliania huxleyi: A Source of Bioactive Lipids with Relevance for Biotechnological Applications

Simultaneous Production of Carotenoids and Chemical Building Blocks Precursors from Chlorophyta Microalgae

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