Determination of atomic hydrogen in hydrocarbons by means of the reflected electron energy loss spectroscopy and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Афанасьев, В. П.; Gryazev, A. S.; Efremenko, Dmitry; Kaplya, P. S.; Ridzel, Olga

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/748/1/012005

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) analysis was performed using the Theta Probe of ESCALAB 250 Xi XPS System by use of high energy flood gun and 1-2 keV electron beam. REELS associated with XPS is an emerging technique used to identify light elements such as H on the film surface [18][19][20]. In this study, REELS was used to confirm the presence of hydrogen doping in deposited films.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Substrate Temperature on Electrical and Optical Properties of Hydrogenated Boron Carbide Thin Films Deposited by RF Sputtering

2021

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Amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide films were deposited on silicon and glass substrates using radio frequency sputtering. The substrate temperature was varied from room temperature to 300 °C. The substrate temperature during deposition was found to have significant effects on the electrical and optical properties of the deposited films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed an increase in sp2-bonded carbon in the films with increasing substrate temperature. Reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) was performed in order to detect the presence of hydrogen in the films. Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure was developed using Al and hydrogenated boron carbide to measure dielectric value and resistivity. Deposited films exhibited lower dielectric values than pure boron carbide films. With higher substrate deposition temperature, a decreasing trend in dielectric value and resistivity of the films was observed. For different substrate temperatures, the dielectric value of films ranged from 6.5–3.5, and optical bandgap values were between 2.25–2.6 eV.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Substrate Temperature on Electrical and Optical Properties of Hydrogenated Boron Carbide Thin Films Deposited by RF Sputtering

2021

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“…For REELS studies, the RCP sample was analyzed in both sides, at the reinforced and without reinforcement sides. The hydrogen peak intensity changes in the three spectra, where the LP sample presents the highest and the RCP in the fluorine side presents the lowest contribution. This outcome is probably due to the hydrogen being more tied to the basic sites in the RCP membrane, related to the difference in how the fluorine reinforced samples have a higher percentage of protonated groups than the samples without reinforcement in the spectra shown in Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spectroscopic Study of Reinforced Cross-Linked Polymeric Membranes for Fuel Cell Application

et al. 2020

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Acid-doped reinforced polymer electrolyte membranes for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications (HT PEMFCs) are presented and spectroscopically studied. Fully aromatic polyethers are employed bearing main chain pyridine units as the proton accepting sites, which have two different substitution patterns of the pyridine units, namely, 2,5-or 2,6pyridine. This fact enables control of the solubility and of the acid doping ability of the polymeric membranes. Reinforcement is accomplished via incorporation of a PTFE woven fabric during the casting procedure for fabrication of the membranes. High acid uptake of the reinforced membranes was maintained for the 2,6-pyridine-based copolymers with high pyridine unit content. Studies of the swelling behavior of these reinforced membranes revealed that they expand mainly along the z-axis, which helps to avoid extensive damage in case of humidity or temperature changes during the fuel cell operation. Additionally, spectroscopic techniques are employed, namely, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with depth profile, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure, and reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy, for the in-depth study of the two copolymer membranes doped with phosphoric acid. Through these spectroscopic evaluations, modifications in the membranes' chemical structure, orientation, composition, and electronic structure after the reinforcement and doping processes were elaborated and unveiled.

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“…Although this information can be tied to chemical structure, it is not straightforward. The direct detection of hydrogen at surfaces is possible through elastic scattering of electrons in REELS [46], where there is a small change in the scattered electron energy from light elements, which at high electron energies is analogous to RBS [47].…”

Section: Surface Analysis Applied To Superconducting Quantum Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and structural identification of material defects in superconducting quantum circuits

Graaf

Un²,

Shard³

et al. 2022

Mater. Quantum. Technol.

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Quantum circuits show unprecedented sensitivity to external fluctuations compared to their classical counterparts, and it can take as little as a single atomic defect somewhere in a mm-sized area to completely spoil device performance. For improved device coherence it is thus essential to find ways to reduce the number of defects, thereby lowering the hardware threshold for achieving fault-tolerant large-scale error-corrected quantum computing. Given the evasive nature of these defects, the materials science required to understand them is at present in uncharted territories, and new techniques must be developed to bridge existing capabilities from materials science with the needs identified by the superconducting quantum circuit community. In this paper, we give an overview of methods for characterising the chemical and structural properties of defects in materials relevant for superconducting quantum circuits. We cover recent developments from in-operation techniques, where quantum circuits are used as probes of the defects themselves, to in situ analysis techniques and well-established ex situ materials analysis techniques. The latter is now increasingly explored by the quantum circuits community to correlate specific material properties with qubit performance. We highlight specific techniques which, given further development, look especially promising and will contribute towards a future toolbox of material analysis techniques for quantum.

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Determination of atomic hydrogen in hydrocarbons by means of the reflected electron energy loss spectroscopy and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of Substrate Temperature on Electrical and Optical Properties of Hydrogenated Boron Carbide Thin Films Deposited by RF Sputtering

Influence of Substrate Temperature on Electrical and Optical Properties of Hydrogenated Boron Carbide Thin Films Deposited by RF Sputtering

Spectroscopic Study of Reinforced Cross-Linked Polymeric Membranes for Fuel Cell Application

Chemical and structural identification of material defects in superconducting quantum circuits

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