Determination of attenuation parameters and energy absorption build-up factor of amine group materials

Enhancing Gamma Ray Shielding Properties of Oxyanion Complexes: A Comparative Study of CaMoO4, PbCrO4, PbMoO4, and CaWO4

“…They found several important points:  The mass attenuation coefficient decreased with increasing photon energy [(0.015 -15) MeV] in the absence of Sm2O3 addition.  Zeq values were lower at 100 keV and energy (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) MeV due to the presence of Compton scattering.  Exposure and energy absorption buildup factors were smaller in both energy regions as photoabsorption and pair creation processes.…”

“…By using geometrical calculation methods known as geometric progress (G-P) fitting, intensive research papers have recognized metal (with low or high atomic number) behavior towards γ-rays as a computed exposure buildup factor of alloys, glasses, concretes, and others. In many published papers, these numeric characterization factors were calculated by various software programs with or without experimental data [10,11,13]. Kolavekara et al [14] studied several glass systems composed of 47.5P2O5 + 45ZnO + (5-x) Bi2O3 + 2.5TeO2 + xSm2O3 with density range (3.02 -3.70) by Phy-X/PSD software by penetration depths: (1-40) MFP, materials in mol%: Sm2O3: 0.01 -1; P2O5: 47.50; ZnO: 45.00; TeO2: 2.50; Bi2O3: 4-5; and thickness (mm): 1.84 -2.08.…”

“…Additionally, the Iraqi group guided by Taqi [15] published a study about "xPbO, (80-x) B2O3, 20Na2O where (x=0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50)". Other experimental conditions were NaI(Tl) detector; Photon energies: (511, 662, and 1173) keV of 22 Na, 13 7Cs, and 60 Co, respectively; Collimators: 3 mm to absorb narrow beam of γ-rays. System shielding: 5 cm lead, 0.5 cm copper, and 0.5 cm steel walls.…”

Gamma radiation shielding characteristics of various spinel ferrite nanocrystals: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation

“…In the literature, the comparison of the experimental results on nanomaterials, soils, glass materials, composite materials, different detector materials, rocks and concrete, polymer, and biomaterials with the NIST-XCOM (photon cross sections database) and Monte-Carlo simulations is available. 22,23 …”