2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.11.042
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Determination of background levels on water quality of groundwater bodies: A methodological proposal applied to a Mediterranean River basin (Guadalhorce River, Málaga, southern Spain)

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Cited by 38 publications
(33 citation statements)
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“…3). Both sampling points had mean values above 250 mg/L (S-15 = 270 mg/L and S-16 = 256 mg/L), which in this area is strongly related to the influence of the evaporitic substrate (as in sector A) (Urresti-Estala et al 2013). Chloride and sodium trends had the same pattern as sulphates, with no trends detected at S-16 but with mean concentration values above the thresholds (Cl = 260 mg/L and Na = 208 mg/L).…”
Section: Trends In Sector Bmentioning
confidence: 88%
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“…3). Both sampling points had mean values above 250 mg/L (S-15 = 270 mg/L and S-16 = 256 mg/L), which in this area is strongly related to the influence of the evaporitic substrate (as in sector A) (Urresti-Estala et al 2013). Chloride and sodium trends had the same pattern as sulphates, with no trends detected at S-16 but with mean concentration values above the thresholds (Cl = 260 mg/L and Na = 208 mg/L).…”
Section: Trends In Sector Bmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…For nitrates, the trends reflect two different results: S-15 has an upward trend with a long data series (from 1980 to 2014) and mean values are slightly below the threshold (mean S-15 = 35.4 mg/L); S-16, on the other hand, shows a decreasing trend but the mean value is over three times the threshold (mean S-16 = 158 mg/L). Slurry and manure are mainly responsible for nitrate pollution in this area (Urresti-Estala et al 2013).…”
Section: Trends In Sector Bmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…After these samples have been eliminated, the NBLs are located at the 90th percentile of the remaining samples (Hinsby et al, 2008). This pre-selection methodology had the main advantage of simplicity and accessibility, but also the weakness of subjective values since the criteria for eliminating samples was based on the location of the cut-off point at the 90th percentile without taking in account the different possible distributions (Urresti-Estala et al, 2013). For this reason, other statistical techniques such as "iterative technique 2σ" or the "distribution function" have been specifically employed to determine NBLs (Nakić et al, 2010).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since natural data sets may not be normally distribution, other statistical methods more suited like the "iterative technique 2σ" as the "distribution function" may be applied (Nakić et al, 2010;Urresti-Estala et al, 2013), but still always have a level of uncertainty.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%