Determination of biokinetic parameters for ingestion of radionuclides of zirconium in animals using stable tracers

Abstract

Exposure to the radioactive isotope 95Zr, as in nuclear accidents, and to stable zirconium, due to its use in industry, has increased the interest in the biokinetics of this element. Information has been derived mainly from tests performed on animals by means of radioactive tracers. Due to the fact that extrapolation from animals to humans is always open to question, there is an increasing need of a methodology which allows data to be obtained directly from humans. The use of stable tracers, being ethically justifiable, is a powerful tool for providing this information. As two tracers of the same element must be utilized in order to evaluate gut absorption, an analytical technique which is capable of distinguishing and measuring simultaneously different isotopes of zirconium in biological samples is required. Preliminary tests on laboratory animals were performed in order to assess the feasibility of the double tracer technique combined with proton activation analysis.

ICRP Publication 134: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 2

“…Fletcher (1969) reported values ranging from 3 × 10 −4 to 2 × 10 −3 for the fractional absorption of 95 Zr in young adult rats after administration of a number of chemical forms, including the chloride, sulphate, and organic complexes with lactate and oxalate. Similar values were reported by Shiraishi and Ichikawara (1972) for zirconium oxalate in adult rats, de Bartolo et al. (2000) for zirconium sulphate in rabbits, and Sirotkin et al.…”

Zirconium

“…It appears that both the absorbed fraction and the total amount absorbed increase as the oral dose is increased. This could also be demonstrated in rabbits with an injected tracer of ZrSO 4 ( Bartolo et al 2000).…”