Determination of Body Fluid Volumes

Chien, Shu; Gregersen, Magnus I.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4831-6742-8.50008-2

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Compartmental¯uid volumes were determined using equations described by Chien and Gregersen (1962). Plasma 3 H was analysed using liquid scintillation (1219 Rackbeta, LKB Wallac, Finland), while plasma 82 Br and 125 I, and erythrocyte 82 Br and 51 Cr were determined using c-scintillation (Auto-LOGIC, Abbott Laboratories), with samples counted in triplicate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can skin temperature manipulation, with minimal core temperature change, influence plasma volume in resting humans?

Maw

Mackenzie

Taylor³

2000

Eur J Appl Physiol

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We investigated body-fluid distribution in resting humans, during short-term, whole-body skin temperature modification, in which core temperature changes (DeltaT(c)) were minimal. Seven males participated in hot (36.2 degrees C (s.d. 0.7), 44% relative humidity (rh; s.d. 3)), temperate (22.0 degrees C (s.d. 1.0), 52% rh (s.d. 6)), and cool trials (14.4 degrees C (s.d. 1.6), 74% rh (s.d. 9)), while seated at rest. Total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid (ECF), erythrocyte (RCV) and plasma volumes (PV) were measured using a simultaneous radionuclide dilution technique. In the cold, PV contracted by 205 ml (+/-60) by the end of exposure (p = 0.04), while in the heat, PV expanded 108 ml (+/-123; p = 0.02). Both RCV and TBW remained stable, regardless of the environment. Despite fluid movement across the vascular wall, ECF, interstitial and intracellular volumes were relatively unaffected by skin temperature. It was concluded that, at rest, and with minimal DeltaT(c), the intravascular fluid volume was dependent on prevailing environmental conditions, and its impact on local skin temperature and venomotor tone.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can skin temperature manipulation, with minimal core temperature change, influence plasma volume in resting humans?

Maw

Mackenzie

Taylor³

2000

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…4). Most of the dogs in the HSI group (thirteen of sixteen animals) had a plasma volume which was greater than that in most of (Chien & Gregersen, 1962;Courtice, 1943;Gregersen, Boyden & Allison, 1950;Jones, 1970;Lawson, 1962;Mayerson, 1965). In the present investigation the same technique was used to measure these volumes in animal preparations during a steady state with respect to heart rate, arterial blood pressure and a constant dose of anaesthetic agent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial concentration of T-1 824 at injection time (zero time) was then obtained by the intercept of the regression line with the ordinate at zero time and, in conjunction with the weight of dye injected, was used to calculate plasma volume. This method is a widely accepted technique for measuring plasma volume (Chien & Gregersen, 1962;Courtice, 1943;Gregersen & Rawson, 1959;Jones, 1970;Lawson, 1962;Mayerson, 1965). Interference in the determination of optical density from haemolysis or turbidity was encountered only very occasionally because the blood samples were centrifuged immediately after withdrawal, an optimum amount of dye was used (Allen & Gregersen, 1953), and because the animals had not been fed during the preceding 12 hr period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of High and Low Sodium Intake on Blood Volume in the Dog

1981

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Plasma volume and blood volume were measured using T‐1824 in two groups of dogs which were kept on a diet differing only in its content of sodium chloride for periods exceeding six weeks. The group on low sodium intake received 0·55 mmol Na+.kg‐1.day‐1 and the group on high sodium intake received 12·4 mmol Na+.kg‐1.day‐1. Both plasma and blood volumes were distinctly greater in the group on high sodium intake than those in the group on low sodium intake, and there was no difference in the haematocrit between the two groups of dogs. It is concluded that a greater plasma volume and red cell volume resulted from high sodium intake than from low sodium intake.

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“…In three animals the plasma optical densities were read off directly in the spectrophotometer. The specific gravities of the plasma samples were determined by the copper sulphate method and the optical densities of the plasma samples were corrected for any difference in the specific gravities of the blood immediately before and after the dye injection [Chien and Gregersen, 1962]. In the other three animals the dye was extracted from the plasma by the technique described by Campbell et al [1958].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

THE EFFECT OF HYPERTHERMIA ON THE SYSTEMIC AND PULMONARY CIRCULATION OF THE OX (Bos taurus)

Whittow

1965

Exp Physiol

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The cardiac output, arterial blood pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, heart rate, blood volume, respiratory rate and rectal temperature of the unanaesthetized ox have been measured at environmental temperatures of 150 C. and 400 C. (low humidity) and also during hyperthermia induced by increasing the humidity of the hot environment (400 C.). Derived values for total peripheral resistance, central blood volume and cardiac work were obtained from the measured data.The cardiac output, central blood volume and respiratory rate were significantly higher, while the mean blood pressure and calculated total peripheral resistance were significantly lower, in the hot dry environment than they were at 15°C. These results seemed to be consistent with the hypothesis that a peripheral vasodilatation and an increased venous return occurred in the hot dry environment.The increase in systemic arterial blood pressure during hyperthermia was attributed to the concomitant increase in cardiac output because the total peripheral resistance diminished. The increase in the cardiac output was the result of an increased heart rate. At a rectal temperature of 41.50 C. the stroke volume of the heart was considerably lower than its control value at an environmental temperature of 15°C. The work of the heart was increased during hyperthermia.The increased respiratory activity in hyperthermic animals was associated with a diminution of the mean pulmonary arterial pressure and an increase in the central blood volume.No statistically significant differences in plasma or blood volumes of the animals were recorded between environments of 150 C. and 400 C. (low humidity) and 400 C.(high humidity). The plasma volume tended to diminish during hyperthermia while the blood volume tended to be maintained close to its control value as a result of an increase in the proportion of red cells in the blood.At a rectal temperature of 41.50 C. none of the animals was in a state of circulatory failure, but there was evidence that their cardiovascular systems were severely stressed at this temperature.IN a previous paper [Ingram and Whittow, 1963] it was reported that the arterial blood pressure of the unan2esthetized ox increases during hyperthermia. The cause of the increase in blood pressure was not established. One of the purposes of the experiments described in the present report was therefore to examine the relative contribution of an increase in cardiac output, blood volume and total peripheral resistance to the pressor response to hyperthermia. An additional object of the present investigation was to determine if the increase in systemic arterial blood pressure during hyperthermia was associated with a change in pulmonary arterial pressure and in the volume of blood in the lungs. The ox is a panting animal; a considerable increase in both respiratory rate and minute volume occur during hyperthermia [Findlay, 1957; Whittow, 1962, 1963]. Little is known about the effects of thermal polypncea and of the slower deeper type of

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Determination of Body Fluid Volumes

Cited by 16 publications

References 142 publications

Can skin temperature manipulation, with minimal core temperature change, influence plasma volume in resting humans?

Can skin temperature manipulation, with minimal core temperature change, influence plasma volume in resting humans?

The Influence of High and Low Sodium Intake on Blood Volume in the Dog

THE EFFECT OF HYPERTHERMIA ON THE SYSTEMIC AND PULMONARY CIRCULATION OF THE OX (Bos taurus)

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