Determination of body measurements on the Holstein cows using digital image analysis and estimation of live weight with regression analysis

A preliminarily study for predicting body weight and milk properties in lactating Holstein cows using a three-dimensional camera system

“…Previous studies also reported similar results using a 2D camera (Bewley et al, 2008;Tasdemir et al, 2011). Although the R 2 values of MY, MF, and MP were not high, the 3D camera could be used to estimate milk traits.…”

“…Several researchers assessed the feasibility of utilizing video and digital images to determine body shape, condition, and weight in dairy cows (Ferguson et al, 2006;Bewley et al, 2008;Azzaro et al, 2011;Tasdemir et al, 2011). Further, several studies have developed methods for directly estimating BCS and BW using digital images.…”

An approach based on digital image analysis to estimate the live weights of pigs in farm environments

“…One of the most widely studied methods has been the body measurement approach. An animal's body measurements have been used to distinguish variations in animal sizes and shapes (Lanari et al, 2003: Salako, 2006 and also to estimate their live weights (Schofield et al, 1999;Slippers et al, 2000;Pope and Moore, 2002;Topal and Macit, 2004;Mollah et al, 2010;Tasdemir et al, 2011;Menesatti et al, 2014). Although the direct weighing method provides the most accurate result, it involves a cumbersome and time-consuming task (Brandl and Jorgensen, 1996) and could cause injury and stress to animals and stockmen when forcing the animal onto the scale.…”

“…Although the direct weighing method provides the most accurate result, it involves a cumbersome and time-consuming task (Brandl and Jorgensen, 1996) and could cause injury and stress to animals and stockmen when forcing the animal onto the scale. Not only the direct weighing of animals on the ground scale but also various body measurement methods that require direct contact with an animal's body, such as measuring a pig's girth behind the front legs (Pope and Moore, 2002), could cause dangerous events due to the animal being stressed during the process of forcing the animal into position for an accurate measurement (Tasdemir et al, 2011).…”

The use of stereophotogrammetry to determine the size and spatial coordinates to generate a 3D model of an animal

“…3b, where the increasing deviation from the original reticule photographed can be seen. This deviation must be eliminated to ensure the proper functioning of scanning or a constant must be determined that puts the coordinates of the required pixels in the right positions (Tasdemir et al 2011). If this deviation is not eliminated and the object is situated in a part of the photograph where the deviation is clear, deviations of up to tens of centimetres could occur in measurements.…”