Determination of breviflavone A and B in Epimedium herbs with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Hong, Xin; Wang, Xiaochong; Yong, Eu Leong; Gong, Yiwei

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2008.12.036

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Recently, some investigations on the metabolism of flavonoids present in YYH by the intestinal flora of rats [7,8,9], rabbits [10] and humans [11] have been carried out. It has been reported that more than 50 metabolites are discovered in plasma, bile, urine, feces after oral administration of icariin, baohuoside I, epimedin C and the herbal extracts [12,13,14,15]. However, in plasma, bile, urine, and feces, it is generally believed that intestinal flora absolutely plays a main role in the metabolism of YYH flavonoids because the intestinal microflora comprises a complex ecosystem of a large variety of bacteria which can produce negative and positive effects on metabolism, but preliminary research in our laboratory has indicated that prenylated flavonoids might be hydrolyzed both by intestinal flora and intestinal enzymes, especially lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on the Metabolism of Epimedium koreanum Nakai-Prenylated Flavonoids in Rats by an Intestinal Enzyme (Lactase Phlorizin Hydrolase) and Intestinal Flora

et al. 2013

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to compare the significance of the intestinal hydrolysis of prenylated flavonoids in Herba Epimedii by an intestinal enzyme and flora. Flavonoids were incubated at 37 °C with rat intestinal enzyme and intestinal flora. HPLC-UV was used to calculate the metabolic rates of the parent drug in the incubation and LC/MS/MS was used to determine the chemical structures of metabolites generated by different flavonoid glycosides. Rates of flavonoid metabolism by rat intestinal enzyme were quicker than those of intestinal flora. The sequence of intestinal flora metabolic rates was icariin > epimedin B > epimedin A > epimedin C > baohuoside I, whereas the order of intestinal enzyme metabolic rates was icariin > epimedin A > epimedin C > epimedin B > baohuoside I. Meanwhile, the LC/MS/MS graphs showed that icariin produced three products, epimedin A/B/C had four and baohuoside I yielded one product in incubations of both intestinal enzyme and flora, which were more than the results of HPLC-UV due to the fact LC/MS/MS has lower detectability and higher sensitivity. Moreover, the outcomes indicated that the rate of metabolization of flavonoids by intestinal enzyme were faster than those of intestinal flora, which was consistent with the HPLC-UV results. In conclusion, the metabolic pathways of the same components by intestinal flora and enzyme were the same. What's more, an intestinal enzyme such as lactase phlorizin hydrolase exhibited a

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on the Metabolism of Epimedium koreanum Nakai-Prenylated Flavonoids in Rats by an Intestinal Enzyme (Lactase Phlorizin Hydrolase) and Intestinal Flora

et al. 2013

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“…There is growing evidence from human feeding studies that the absorption and bioavailability of specific flavonoids are much higher than originally believed (Ross and Kasum, 2002). Owing to the bioavailability of flavonoids, most reported studies improve the analytical method for those prenylflavonoids, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary zone electrophoresis, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Pozharitskaya et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2006a, Chen et al, 2008Hong et al, 2009). Pharmacokinetic studies play important roles in drug development since they can help to clarify clinical rationale and design optimal dosage regimens of herbal formulas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of epimedin C after oral administration of epimedin C and Herba Epimedii extract in rats

Lee¹,

Hsueh³

et al. 2013

Biomedical Chromatography

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Epimedin C, an ingredient of Herba Epimedii, has potential for treatment of cardiovascular disease and bone loss. However, there is still no sensitive analytical method to monitor epimedin C in biological samples. The goal of this study was to develop a sensitive and reliable method based on a LC-MS/MS for evaluating the pharmacokinetics of epimedin C after administration of Herba Epimedii in rat. Electrospray ionization in positive-ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used to identify and quantitate active components. Analytes were separated by a reverse-phase C18 column. Liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate, evaporation and reconstitution was used to plasma sample preparation. Mass transition of precursor ion → product ion pairs were monitored at m/z 823.4 → 313.1 for epimedin C and m/z 237.1 → 178.9 for carbamazepine (internal standard). A calibration curve gave good linearity (r > 0.999) over the concentration range 2.5-500 ng/mL. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrated that there was rapid distribution and slow elimination after epimedin C administration (1 mg/kg, i.v.). Oral bioavailabilities of epimedin C in the pure compound and in the Herba Epimedii were around 0.58% and 0.13%, respectively. The result suggests that other herbal ingredients of Herba Epimedii may suppress the oral bioavailability of epimedin C.

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“…Therefore, the chemical analysis of Yinyanghuo mostly focuses on flavonoids. Until now, a series of methods, including ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometry Quan et al, 2011;Liang et al, 2012a), thin-layer chromatography (Pozharitskaya et al, 2007), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Ito et al, 1988;Koga et al, 1991;Yamamoto et al, 1992;Chen et al, 1996;Guo et al, 1996;Wang et al, 2003a;Jia et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006d;Chen et al, 2007;Huang et al, 2007a;Pei et al, 2007;Peng et al, 2007;Xie et al, 2007b;Xu et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2008c;Islam et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2008a,b;Zhao et al, 2008;Hong et al, 2009;Islam et al, 2009;Jin et al, 2009;Shen et al, 2009;Xia et al, 2009; (Liang et al, 1996(Liang et al, , 1997aChai et al, 1999;Liang et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2001Wang et al, , 2003bLiu et al, 2006b;Chen et al, 2009b;Lu et al, 2010), and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) (Chen et al, 2008a) have been reported to analyze the constituents of Yinyanghuo.…”

Section: Chemical Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LC-MS was also used for the quantification of flavonoids(Islam et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2008b;Hong et al, 2009), especially in pharmacokinetic studies…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Constituents, Quality Control, and Bioactivity of Epimedii Folium (Yinyanghuo)

Chen

Tang

et al. 2015

Am. J. Chin. Med.

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Epimedii Folium (Yinyanghuo in Chinese) is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines. Its main active components are flavonoids, which exhibit multiple biological activities, such as promotion of bone formation and sexual function, protection of the nervous system, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Flavonoids also show anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Various effective methods, including genetic and chemical approaches, have been developed for the quality control of Yinyanghuo. In this review, the studies conducted in the last decade about the chemical constituents, quality control, and bioactivity of Yinyanghuo are summarized and discussed.

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Determination of breviflavone A and B in Epimedium herbs with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

A Comparative Study on the Metabolism of Epimedium koreanum Nakai-Prenylated Flavonoids in Rats by an Intestinal Enzyme (Lactase Phlorizin Hydrolase) and Intestinal Flora

A Comparative Study on the Metabolism of Epimedium koreanum Nakai-Prenylated Flavonoids in Rats by an Intestinal Enzyme (Lactase Phlorizin Hydrolase) and Intestinal Flora

Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of epimedin C after oral administration of epimedin C and Herba Epimedii extract in rats

Chemical Constituents, Quality Control, and Bioactivity of Epimedii Folium (Yinyanghuo)

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