Determination of brominated vegetable oils in soft drinks by gas liquid chromatography

Abstract

A method is described for the qualitative and quantitative determination of brominated vegetable oils in soft drinks. The procedure involves treatment of the brominated oils with sodium methoxide followed by GLC analysis of the resulting methyl esters using methyl pentadecanoate as internal standard. Recoveries on known amounts of these oils ranged between 93.7% and 102.4%. The technique, applied to several commercial soft drinks, has shown the content of brominated oil to be in the range 10–45 mg per 10 fluid oz of drink.

Mammary transfer and metabolism in the rat of halogenated fatty acids of halogenated olive oil

“…Lipid was extracted from the stomach curd, livers and adipose tissue by the method of Bligh and Dyer (13), and converted to methyl esters by refluxing with 2% sulfuric acid in methanol/ hexane (5:1). Under these transesterification conditions brominated and chlorinated triglycerides were converted to methyl esters with no loss of bromine (14) or chlorine (15). Methyl pentadecanoate was included as internal standard to permit quantitative measurement of total fatty acid esters.…”

Simple and rapid quantification of brominated vegetable oil in commercial soft drinks by LC–MS

“…These include gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) (Chadha, Lawrence, & Conacher, 1986; Conacher, Chadha, & Sahasrabudhe, 1969; Lawrence, Chadha, & Conacher, 1983), GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) (Bendig, Maier, Lehnert, Knapp, & Vetter, 2013; Bendig, Maier, & Vetter, 2012), liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (LC-UV) (Lawrence, Chadha, & Conacher, 1987), and bromide ion detection approaches (Turner, 1972; Yousef et al, 2012). All these methods are indirect methods for the identification and quantification of BVO and involve the chemical degradation of the triglyceride structures to derivatized brominated fatty acids or to bromide ions.…”

“…All these methods are indirect methods for the identification and quantification of BVO and involve the chemical degradation of the triglyceride structures to derivatized brominated fatty acids or to bromide ions. These approaches are thus characterized by laborious and often complex sample preparation procedures and/or relatively lengthy chromatographic procedures (Bendig et al, 2012; Conacher et al, 1969; Turner, 1972). The complexity of the sample preparation and the indirect nature of the BVO identification and quantification may reduce the robustness of these analytical methods.…”

Some observations on the AOAC method for the analysis of brominated oils

“…Considerable interest on the part of regulatory agencies, brominated oil producers and soft drink bottlers stems from the uncertain status of these oils in regard to human health. Methods were developed by Conacher et al (1) to monitor concentration and define their effect. The method uses the formation of a derivative and is now accepted as an official first action by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) (2).…”

“…Wide-line NMR is a term used to describe low resolution nuclear magnetic resonance. The NMR technique measures total hydrogen associated with the oil and water in seed (the only liquid constituents) independent of the hydrogen associated with the non-oil matrix (1). If the measurement is made on dry seed, the response of the apparatus is directly proportional to the quantity of oil present in the seed (2).…”