Determination of Bromine in Flame-Retardant Plastics Using Pulsed Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry

Li, Lei; Barshick, C. M.; Millay, John T.; Welty, and Annette V.; King, Fred L.

doi:10.1021/ac034567k

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…The quantification of chlorine in concrete is also drawing increased attention in recent years (Gondal et al, 2011; Labutin et al, 2014). The determination of bromine is often undertaken in a technological and toxicological perspective (Li et al, 2003; Vos et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometry‐based Techniques for Direct Quantification of High Ionization Energy Elements in Solid Materials—challenges and Perspectives

Gubal

Chuchina

Sorokina

et al. 2020

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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The determination of nonmetals, first of all, the most electronegative ones—nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine, poses the highest challenge for element analysis. These elements are characterized by high reactivity, volatility, high ionization energy, and the absence of intensive spectral lines in the optical spectral range. Conventional techniques of their quantification include considerable “wet chemistry” stages so the application of these techniques for the solid sample is highly laborious and prone to uncontrollable uncertainties. Additionally, current development in material science and other areas requires the quantification of the elements at lower levels with good sensitivity. Owing to their robustness and flexibility, mass spectrometry techniques provide vast possibilities for the quantification, spatial and isotopic analysis, including the solutions for direct analysis of solids. The current review focuses on the application of major mass spectrometric techniques for the quantification of N, O, F, Cl, and Br in solid samples. The following techniques are mainly considered: thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), isotope‐ratio MS (IRMS), secondary ion MS (SIMS), inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP‐MS), and glow discharge MS (GDMS); as the most accessible and widely applied for the purpose. General ionization issues, advantages, limitations, and novel methodological solutions are discussed. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometry‐based Techniques for Direct Quantification of High Ionization Energy Elements in Solid Materials—challenges and Perspectives

Gubal

Chuchina

Sorokina

et al. 2020

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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“…For this purpose, polymers with TBBPA (containing a Br concentration up to 27.9%) were employed, and normalised intensities (with respect to 12 C + ion signal) were always used. Fig.…”

Section: Analytical Performance Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, GD-MS offers an alternative tool for such rapid and high sensitive analysis of polymers. 11,12 It is not surprising that GD-MS application is increasing nowadays because it offers several interesting features, including fast sputtering rate, low matrix effects, multielemental capability and low limits of detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulsed glow discharge time of flight mass spectrometry for the screening of polymer-based coatings containing brominated flame retardants

Vega

Lobo

Fernández

et al. 2012

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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There is an increasing concern regarding the toxicity, environmental distribution and impact of organic compounds employed today as flame retardants. Along these lines, the potential of radiofrequency pulsed glow discharge (rf-PGD) time-of-flight mass spectrometry for mass spectrometric fingerprinting and quantification of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) into polymers is investigated here. Tetrabromobisphenol A was chosen as a ''model'' BFR compound for system optimisation and analytical characterisation purposes. After optimisation of power and pressure operation conditions of the rf-PGD, 15 W forward power and 200 Pa were chosen with the aim of attaining good sensitivity for elemental and polyatomic ions and long-term signal stability. Then, analytical performance of microand milli-second GD pulse regimes was compared and better detection limits were obtained using the millisecond pulse regime (a higher number of polyatomic ions was observed as well). Under the selected optimum conditions, linear calibration graphs were obtained for elemental bromine as well as for several polymer fragments. Limits of detection well below 0.1% were obtained both for elemental bromine and for the fragments investigated. Finally, a comparison of the mass spectra obtained for some polymeric samples containing different BFR compounds was carried out. The signals of polyatomic ions, related to the BFRs, can be successfully applied to the identification and discrimination among the different polymers.

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“…44 These characteristic advantages enable nearly concurrent acquisition of elemental, structural, and intact parent molecular information by pulsed GD-TOFMS. 46 Figure 1.9 Diagram of glow discharge time of flight and the setup of data acquisition. 44 The setup of pulsed GD-TOFMS and data acquisition is shown in Figure 1.9.…”

Section: Pulsed Glow Discharge Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (Gd-tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Current Rectification in NanoMicro-Fluidic Interfaces and Pulsed Glow Discharge Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometric Chemical Speciation

Wang¹

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Microfluidics continues to be of interest for analyzing chemical and biological samples because of the disposability, portability, low sample consumption, fast analysis time, and parallel analysis potential for multiple samples in a single device. To improve microfluidic device functionality, integrated systems-nanofluidic/microfluidic interfaces (NMIs) have been fabricated for concentrating samples and performing as molecular gates. Ion current rectification has been confirmed in NMI with an asymmetric system. In chapter 2, the asymmetry of the NMI is systematically altered by varying the inner diameter of the nanocapillary membrane (NCM) reservoir, and the current rectification factor is observed to increase as the inner diameter of NCM reservoir increases. The data provide a new approach to tune the ion current rectification of NMIs and strengthen the fundamental knowledge of how these devices function. Glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) is a well-established technique for the direct analysis of elements in solid samples. The introduction of pulsed glow discharge makes the internal energy of GD plasma tunable so that the specific desired ion signal iii profiles can be obtained and used for chemical speciation. For example, the elemental, structural, and molecular information of organic molecules have been obtained nearly simultaneously using glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GDToFMS) coupled with gas chromatography. With careful control of operating parameters of pulsed glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GDToFMS), specific cluster ions or ion abundance ratios can be used for speciation of chromium oxides, manganese oxides, and iron oxides. Chapters 3 and 4 focus on extending the application of pulsed glow discharge timeof-flight mass spectrometry for chemical speciation. Chapter 3 is the analysis of cysteine using pulsed glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The characteristic fragment ion at m/z 76 is used for the quantitative analysis for cysteine. The calibration curve for cysteine standards obtained exhibits good linearity. In chapter 4, the application of pulsed glow discharge mass spectrometry is extended to direct NbxOy speciation. The effect of variations in temporal and spatial sampling along with variations in operating power on analyte ion signal distributions are studied and discussed. Under optimized conditions, the differentiation of three niobium oxides is achieved by comparison of ion abundance ratios.

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Determination of Bromine in Flame-Retardant Plastics Using Pulsed Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 33 publications

References 38 publications

Mass Spectrometry‐based Techniques for Direct Quantification of High Ionization Energy Elements in Solid Materials—challenges and Perspectives

Mass Spectrometry‐based Techniques for Direct Quantification of High Ionization Energy Elements in Solid Materials—challenges and Perspectives

Pulsed glow discharge time of flight mass spectrometry for the screening of polymer-based coatings containing brominated flame retardants

Ion Current Rectification in NanoMicro-Fluidic Interfaces and Pulsed Glow Discharge Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometric Chemical Speciation

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