Determination of Bromothalonil Residues and Degradation in Apple and Soil by QuEChERS and GC–MS/MS

Abstract

The dissipation and residues of bromothalonil in apple and soil under field condition were analyzed by QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer method. The recoveries were ranged from 80.8 % to 106 % with coefficient variation for repeatability ranged from 3.08 % to 7.09 % at fortification levels of 0.02, 0.04 and 0.2 mg/kg in apple and soil. The limit of quantification of the method was 0.31 lg/kg. The dissipation rates of bromothalonil followed the first-order kinetics and the halflives were from 3.61 to 3.98 days in apple and from 4.65 to 9.29 days in soil. In apple, the terminal residues of bromothalonil were below the China maximum residue limit (0.2 mg/kg) after 7 days of application. This work contributed to provide the basic information for a safe usage of bromothalonil in apple orchard and preventing health problem from consumers in China.

Systemic stereoselectivity study of bromothalonil: stereoselective bioactivity, toxicity, and degradation in vegetables and soil

“…The half‐life values of bromothalonil degradation ranged from 7.14 to 24.75 days in tomato, cucumber, chieh‐qua and soil. Previous studies showed that the half‐life values of bromothalonil degradation ranged from 3.61 to 3.98 days in apple and from 7.8 to 14.9 days in tobacco . According to the Chinese National Standard GB/T 31270.1–2014, bromothalonil is an easily degraded pesticide (half‐life values < 30 days).…”

“…In the agricultural arena, bromothalonil is found in fungicides, herbicides and bactericides. It was registered and promoted for use in 2008 in China, where it is widely used on fruits and vegetables to control anthracnose disease …”

“…A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of racemic bromothalonil has been validated in cosmetic products . Determination of racemic bromothalonil levels in apple, cucumber, tobacco and soil using gas chromatography (GC) has been reported . The maximum residue limits (MRLs) for bromothalonil have been established at 0.5 mg kg −1 in cucumber and 0.2 mg kg −1 in apple in China (GB 2763–2016).…”

“…It was registered and promoted for use in 2008 in China, where it is widely used on fruits and vegetables to control anthracnose disease. 4 Cases of bromothalonil contact allergy were successively reported in workers exposed to glue preserved with bromothalonil and in consumers using bromothalonil-containing cosmetic products. 5,6 An epidemic of bromothalonil contact allergy peaked in Europe in the late 1990s and early 2000s.…”

“…12 Determination of racemic bromothalonil levels in apple, cucumber, tobacco and soil using gas chromatography (GC) has been reported. 4,13,14 The maximum residue limits (MRLs) for bromothalonil have been established at 0.5 mg kg −1 in cucumber and 0.2 mg kg −1 in apple in China (GB 2763-2016). However, the stereoselectivity of the pesticidal activity, ecotoxicological effects and environmental behavior of bromothalonil remain unknown.…”