Determination of byproduct polychlorobiphenyls in commercial products and wastes by high-resolution gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry

Erickson, Mitchell D.; Stanley, J.S.; Turman, J. Kay.; Going, J.E.; Redford, David P.; Heggem, Daniel T.

doi:10.1021/es00166a007

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Even after the production of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was banned in the 1970s, more than a billion kilograms were produced (Erickson, 1988), and they remain persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminants that are routinely found in samples of human and animal tissues (Giera et al, 2011; Yang et al, 2010). Improper disposal of PCBs has been a major source of environmental contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional profiling and biological pathway analysis of human equivalence PCB exposure in vitro: Indicator of disease and disorder development in humans

Ghosh

Mitra

Loffredo

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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Background and Aims Our earlier gene-expression studies with a Slovak PCBs-exposed population have revealed possible disease and disorder development in accordance with epidemiological studies. The present investigation aimed to develop an in vitro model system that can provide an indication of disrupted biological pathways associated with developing future diseases, well in advance of the clinical manifestations that may take years to appear in the actual human exposure scenario. Methods We used human PBMC (Primary Blood Mononuclear Cells) and exposed them to a mixture of human equivalence levels of PCBs (PCB-118,138,153,170,180) as found in the PCBs-exposed Slovak population. The microarray studies of global gene expression were conducted on the Affymetrix platform using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array along with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to associate the affected genes with their mechanistic pathways. High-throughput qRT-PCR Taqman Low Density Array (TLDA) was done to further validate the selected 6 differentially expressed genes of our interest, viz., ARNT, CYP2D6, LEPR, LRP12, RRAD, TP53, with a small population validation sample (n=71). Results Overall, we revealed a discreet gene expression profile in the experimental model that resembled the diseases and disorders observed in PCBs-exposed population studies. The disease pathways included Endocrine System disorders, Genetic disorders, Metabolic diseases, Developmental disorders, and Cancers, strongly consistent with the evidence from epidemiological studies. Interpretation These gene finger prints could lead to the identification of populations and subgroups at high risk for disease, and can pose as early disease biomarkers well ahead of time, before the actual disease becomes visible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional profiling and biological pathway analysis of human equivalence PCB exposure in vitro: Indicator of disease and disorder development in humans

Ghosh

Mitra

Loffredo

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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Measurement of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in catalytic combustion effluents using a simple HPLC procedure

Perera

Jefferies

1995

Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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A mass spectroscopic method for analysis of AHH-inducing and other polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and selected pesticides in fish

Schmidt

Hesselberg

1992

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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The 209 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners exhibit a wide range in toxicity to fish, birds, and mammals. This paper discusses the use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry negative chemical ionization (GC/MS-NCI) to quantify congeners of highly suspected toxicity such as IUPAC #77 (3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) and #126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl). GC/MS analysis time needed to produce the necessary resolution was reduced to 1 h per sample or standard, allowing an autosampler to inject 12 samples in 24 hours, plus 12 standards/QC samples. Identification and quantification of some 60+ congeners and several selected pesticides and estimation of total PCBs are also possible within the 1 h analysis. For congeners of high chlorination (penta through octa), the method exhibited excellent sensitivity, such that we could not locate a fish which exhibited PCB levels below our calibrated quantitation range. NCI was not as sensitive for mono through tri and for some tetrachlorinated PCB congeners, an exception being PCB #77, for which sensitivity was of the same order as for the more highly chlorinated biphenyls. Long term stability was excellent. Over a 6-mo period, results of replicate analyses for PCB congeners and pesticides in a composited sample of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Lake Michigan had a relative standard deviation of 12% of the mean. Over the same time period, mean recoveries for samples spiked at concentrations similar to those in Lake Michigan lake trout were 90-102%. Response was linear over a wide range of concentrations for each of the analyzed compounds. This method is now being used for routine analysis of PCB congeners and selected pesticides in our laboratory.

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Determination of byproduct polychlorobiphenyls in commercial products and wastes by high-resolution gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Transcriptional profiling and biological pathway analysis of human equivalence PCB exposure in vitro: Indicator of disease and disorder development in humans

Transcriptional profiling and biological pathway analysis of human equivalence PCB exposure in vitro: Indicator of disease and disorder development in humans

Measurement of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in catalytic combustion effluents using a simple HPLC procedure

A mass spectroscopic method for analysis of AHH-inducing and other polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and selected pesticides in fish

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