Determination of cadmium(II) using carbon paste electrode modified with a Cd-ion imprinted polymer

Abstract

We have synthesized cadmium(II) ion-imprinted polymers (IIP) and non-imprinted polymers (NIP) using 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol as a ligand. The materials were used to prepare a carbon paste electrode for the determination of Cd(II). Polymerization was performed with (a) methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, (b) ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinking monomer, and (c) 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as the initiator. Imprinted cadmium ion was removed from the polymeric matrix using nitric acid. The measurements were carried out in an closed circuit after accumulation at −1.2 V, this followed by electrolysis of the accumulated Cd(II) by voltammetric scanning from −1.0 to −0.6 V. The parameters governing the response of the electrode were studied. Under optimized conditions, the response of the electrode is linear in the range from 2.0 to 200 ng mL −1 . The detection limit is 0.31 ng mL −1 . The relative standard deviations are ±3.4 and ±2.1 % for 7 successive determinations of 20.0 and 50.0 ng mL-1 of Cd(II), respectively. The method was applied to the determination of cadmium (II) in water and food samples.

A Selective Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Cd(II) Based on a Carbon Paste Electrode Impregnated with a Novel Ion‐imprinted Hybrid Polymer

“…A comparison of the characteristics of the proposed sensor with some reported sensors for the determination of Cd(II) is presented in Table 2 [11–16, 39, 48]. In most cases, the DPASV method is used because of its instrumental simplicity and its remarkable analytical sensitivity due to the preconcentration of the Cd(II) metal ion.…”

“…However, some of these materials showed certain difficulties to achieve the sensitivity required in the quantification of low concentrations of Cd(II) and a poor selectivity, possibly due to the high interference from some ionic species with similar properties to that of the Cd(II). To overcome these problems, working electrodes are currently being modified, mainly carbon paste electrodes with ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) [15][16][17].…”

Preparation of Urea-Imprinted Cross-Linked Chitosan and Its Adsorption Behavior

“…Wang, Dong, and Wang 2013). To date, these polymers have been widely used in biological engineering, clinical medicine, environmental monitoring, food industry, and other fields (Puoci Curcio, and Cirillo 2008;Zhu, Wang, and Wu 2009;Shakerian, Dadfarnia, and Shabani 2012;Ashkenani and Taher 2012;Y. Li, Fu, and Liu 2012).…”

Determination of ultra-trace amounts of cadmium by ET-AAS after column preconcentration with a new sorbent of modified MWCNTs

“…Trace metals are useful indicators of contamination in surface soil environments by man-made emission sources (Pan et al 2006;Ghaedi and Shokrollahi 2006;Tuzen and Soylak 2007;Esakku et al 2005;Chambers and Donkor 2006). Spectrophotometry (Amin and Gouda 2011), electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) (Yang et al 2011), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) (Baliza et al 2011), cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (Pourreza and Ghanemi 2010), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (Ebrahimi and Taherianfard 2009), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Hoa et al 2010), and voltammetry (Ashkenani and Taher 2012) are widely applied to the determination of cadmium at the trace or ultra-trace levels. Nowadays, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry is one of the most powerful and popular analytical tools for the determination of ultra-trace levels of elements because it generally offers sufficient sensitivity and selectivity.…”