Determination of cations distribution from XPS measurements for elastic parameters calculation of $$\left({\mathrm{Mg}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Co}}_{1/3}\right){\mathrm{Fe}}_{2-x}{\mathrm{Gd}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$$ nanoparticles

Structural, Magnetic, and Mössbauer Investigation of Mg-Ni-Co ferrites doped by Sm3+ sions

“…This behavior was confirmed by the cation distributions from XPS measurements, as will be discussed in detail below. A similar trend was reported early for Ni-Mg-Co ferrites doped by Y 3+ ions by Yu et al [7], and for Mg-Ni-Co ferrites doped by Gd 3+ ions by Basma et al [49]. Unit cell volume is a function of the lattice constant, which increases linearly from 582.4641 to 592.2126 Å 3 with increasing Sm 3+ substitution from x = 0.00 to x = 0.08, respectively.…”

“…This suggests that Sm 3+ ions with a higher ionic radius (0.96 Å) were effectively substituted in the Fe 3+ sites of a lower ionic radius (0.645 Å), following Vegard's law [48]. Similar findings were obtained for Mg-Ni-Co ferrites doped with La 3+ , and Gd 3+ ions, respectively [49,50]. In addition to the spinel ferrites of Ni-Mg-Co, Mg-Cd-Cu, and Ni-Cu-Zn doped with Y 3+ , La 3+ , and Dy 3+ ions, respectively [7,51,52].…”