Determination of chemical changes in heat-treated wood using ATR-FTIR and FT Raman spectrometry

Özgenç, Özlem; Durmaz, Sefa; Boyaci, İsmail Hakkı; Eksi-Kocak, Haslet

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2016.08.026

Cited by 163 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Both spectra display bands at 3490 and 3250 cm −1 , attributable to OH stretching free or H-bonded, respectively, and both aliphatic (at 2940 and 2846 cm −1 ) and aromatic (at 3070 cm −1 ) CH stretching in the higher wavenumber region. Moreover, the shoulder at about 1670 cm −1 could be ascribed to conjugated C=O stretching [35], the bands at 1630, 1604, and about 1500 cm −1 , together with that one at 1190 cm −1 , were all attributable to phenolic rings, the last one specifically to lignin [35,36]. The peaks at 1460, 1370, and 1330 cm −1 corresponded to bending vibrations of O-CH 3 , CH, and aliphatic OH in lignin and cellulose, respectively [35].…”

Section: Chemical and Spectroscopic Features Of Hsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite-Targeted Analysis and Physiological Traits of Zea mays L. in Response to Application of a Leonardite-Humate and Lignosulfonate-Based Products for Their Evaluation as Potential Biostimulants

et al. 2019

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The main aim of this study is to identify and investigate specific humates (Hs) as potential biostimulants. Five specialty lignosulfonates (LS1-5), one commercial leonardite-humate (PH), and one commercial lignosulfonate (LH), were analyzed for their carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur contents, and the distribution of functional groups using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies. Hs were further supplied for two days to Zea mays L. in hydroponics to test their capacity to trigger changes in physiological target-responses. LS1, LS2, LS3, and LS5 determined the most pronounced effects on plant growth and accumulation of proteins and phenolics, perhaps because of their chemical and spectroscopic features. Root growth was more increased (+51–140%) than leaf growth (+5–35%). This effect was ascribed to higher stimulation of N metabolism in roots according to the increased activity of N-assimilation enzymes (GS and GOGAT) and high consumption of sugars for energy-dependent processes. Increased values of RuBisCO, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development values), and leaf sugar accumulation refer to enhanced photosynthesis attributed to Hs. We conclude that Hs tested in this study functioned as biostimulants, but the specialty lignosulfonates were more efficient in this role, possibly because of the type of starting material and process used for their production, which may have influenced their chemical properties.

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Section: Chemical and Spectroscopic Features Of Hsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite-Targeted Analysis and Physiological Traits of Zea mays L. in Response to Application of a Leonardite-Humate and Lignosulfonate-Based Products for Their Evaluation as Potential Biostimulants

et al. 2019

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“…[8] In the plant cell wall, it can be distinguished from other constituents by IR and Raman microscopy. [9][10][11][12] Published work has mainly focused on the estimation of ethylenic residues (cinnamyl alcohols and aldehydes) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and determination of S/G ratios [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] in lignin. However, these are only selected features of the lignin polymer; for example, cinnamaldehyde end groups only account for about 4% of lignin substructures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared and Raman spectra of lignin substructures: Dibenzodioxocin

Bock

Nousiainen

Elder

et al. 2020

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Vibrational spectroscopy is a very suitable tool for investigating the plant cell wall in situ with almost no sample preparation. The structural information of all different constituents is contained in a single spectrum. Interpretation therefore heavily relies on reference spectra and understanding of the vibrational behavior of the components under study. For the first time, we show infrared (IR) and Raman spectra of dibenzodioxocin (DBDO), an important lignin substructure. A detailed vibrational assignment of the molecule, based on quantum chemical computations, is given in the Supporting Information; the main results are found in the paper. Furthermore, we show IR and Raman spectra of synthetic guaiacyl lignin (dehydrogenation polymer—G‐DHP). Raman spectra of DBDO and G‐DHP both differ with respect to the excitation wavelength and therefore reveal different features of the substructure/polymer. This study confirms the idea previously put forward that Raman at 532 nm selectively probes end groups of lignin, whereas Raman at 785 nm and IR seem to represent the majority of lignin substructures.

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“…This variation can be explained by the complex reactions taking place during heat treatment, such as the destruction of hemicellulose and degradation of the amorphous region of cellulose. These changes lead to an increase in lignin percentage content, waxes, general carbohydrates, resins, and terpenes [32][33][34].…”

Section: Boron Leaching Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Heat Treatment and Tannin Impregnation on Boron Depletion and Wood Durability

Lopes

Barnes

Bobadilha

2020

Forests

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Heat treatment (HT) of a mixture of tannins and inorganic boron compounds showed effective results against wood decay organisms. Boron compounds play a critical role in the preservation of wood against wood decay organisms. The use of tannins and HT represents a relatively new environmentally friendly approach to the wood preservation industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tannin impregnation and HT on boron depletion, and termite and fungi resistance. Southern yellow pine (SYP) and yellow-poplar (YP) cube samples were used for this study. A mixture of condensed tannins from the Quebracho tree and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) was injected into the specimens using a vacuum/pressure cycle, and the specimens were then heat-treated under N 2 atmosphere for four hours at 190 • C to investigate both the tannin's fixative ability to reduce boron leaching and the performance of the mixture against brown and white-rot fungi and termites. Tannins restricted boron leaching in 46% and 34% for SYP and YP, respectively, and also significantly increased the resistance against white-rot fungi for YP. Tannins and HT showed unpredictably good performance against termites. Tannins may be acting to denature proteins; in that case, fungal enzymes would be inhibited. This study revealed the importance of HT on a mixture of boron and tannins to decrease boron leaching and increase the durability of preservative systems.products is limited because of boron's natural solubility in water, which leads to a rapid depletion of treated wood in outdoor exposed conditions [7][8][9][10][11][12].Research has been conducted to address boron depletion. The most common strategies for reducing boron leaching are surface and envelope treatments, wood bulking, the use of water repellant, organo-boron compounds, a combination of biocides and non-biocidal agents, metallo-borates, stabilized boro-esters, protein borates, in situ polymerization and boron silicates [13][14][15][16][17][18][19].Previous research has shown the potential of boron fixation by tannin auto condensation. The authors in [20] described a mechanism in which boric acid was partly fixed to a condensed tannin network with boron mobility being maintained. The authors in [21] leached a mixture of tannins and boron for 80 h. After the leaching period, a 30% loss of boron occurred. The trend of increased leaching continued as the experiment progressed.The effectiveness of tannins toward fixing boron under high temperatures and for longer leaching periods has not yet been investigated. In addition, little research has been done regarding boron's efficacy on multiple wood species. Broadening this spectrum is relevant in order to improve durability across the widely varying range of species and characteristics of wood [22][23][24].In this study, a solution of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) and condensed tannins were pressure and heat-treated into southern yellow pine and yellow-poplar with the aim of reducing boron leaching. In addition, performance ...

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Determination of chemical changes in heat-treated wood using ATR-FTIR and FT Raman spectrometry

Cited by 163 publications

References 42 publications

Metabolite-Targeted Analysis and Physiological Traits of Zea mays L. in Response to Application of a Leonardite-Humate and Lignosulfonate-Based Products for Their Evaluation as Potential Biostimulants

Metabolite-Targeted Analysis and Physiological Traits of Zea mays L. in Response to Application of a Leonardite-Humate and Lignosulfonate-Based Products for Their Evaluation as Potential Biostimulants

Infrared and Raman spectra of lignin substructures: Dibenzodioxocin

Influence of Heat Treatment and Tannin Impregnation on Boron Depletion and Wood Durability

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