Chinese fir is an important economic tree species in China. In addition to the application of alive trees and wood, the abundant chemical compositions of Chinese fir as a non-wood resource also have very important position. This study used Chinese fir wood powder as material, analyzing the chemical composition of Chinese fir volatiles by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry (TG), pyrolisis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Through the analysis of the detected we can know that volatiles main were phenolic (cedrol, alpha-bisabolol and beta-eudesmol), ester (dimethyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate), ketone (hydroxyacetone and benzofuran) and aldehyde (hexanal and nonanal) and so on. This compounds and their derivatives can use at wide medical, biology, cosmetics and textile industry.