Determination of Chlorinated 5-Methyl-5-hydroxyfuranones in Drinking Water, in Chlorinated Humic Water, and in Pulp Bleaching Liquor

Franzén, Robert; Kronberg, Leif

doi:10.1021/es00061a035

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Pulp mill effluents are genotoxic [6,7,23]. In our study, the SOS induction ratio, I C /I 0 obtained with E. coli PQ37 indicated an excess of genotoxicity in the 4-to 6-cm layer of the recipient sediment by a factor of 1.3 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Ecotoxicological Assessment of a Recipient Lake Sediment of Bleached-Kraft Pulping Discharges

Suominen

Wittmann

Liukkonen

et al. 1999

Environ Toxicol Chem

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We assessed the biological status of age-dated sediments in Lake Saimaa, a recipient lake for wastewaters from pulp and paper industry for more than 100 years that has also received kraft pulp bleaching wastewater since 1954. Adenosine triphosphate content dropped in the recipient sediment from the top 1 cm (deposited in the 1990s) to 4 to 6 cm below the sediment surface (deposited in 1980s) by a factor of 1,000 but increased again in deeper, older layers (23 cm). The dominant species in the diatom community, Aulacoseira alpigena and Cyclotella kützingiana, disappeared and were replaced by Asterionella formosa in the 4-to 6-cm layer. This layer was three-to fivefold more toxic to Vibrio fischeri (as measured by the median effective concentration) and slightly genotoxic (as measured by the SOS-chromotest induction ratio, I C /I 0 for Esherichia coli PQ37) compared with the layers above and below it. The 4-to 6-cm layer also contained up to 4,900 mg of solvent-soluble organic halogen (per kilogram of sediment dry weight). Enzyme activity (chitinase, phosphatase, ␣-glucosidase, and ␤-glucosidase) was detected at depths of 0 to 1 cm and 4 to 6 cm, and more than 90% of the enzymes were bound to the particulate matter. Ninety-seven percent of the organic halogen in the sediment was particle bound. Apparently, full ecological recovery occurred in the layer from 0 to 1 cm, which had accumulated in 1990s, after the discharging pulp mill discontinued use of Cl 2 in the bleaching process and installed full-scale biological treatment for the wastewaters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Ecotoxicological Assessment of a Recipient Lake Sediment of Bleached-Kraft Pulping Discharges

Suominen

Wittmann

Liukkonen

et al. 1999

Environ Toxicol Chem

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show abstract

“…Pulp mill effluents are genotoxic [6,7,23]. In our study, the SOS induction ratio, I C / I 0 obtained with E. coli PQ37 indicated an excess of genotoxicity in the 4‐ to 6‐cm layer of the recipient sediment by a factor of 1.3 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Ecotoxicological assessment of a recipient lake sediment of bleached—kraft pulping discharges

Suominen

Wittmann

Liukkonen

et al. 1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-We assessed the biological status of age-dated sediments in Lake Saimaa, a recipient lake for wastewaters from pulp and paper industry for more than 100 years that has also received kraft pulp bleaching wastewater since 1954. Adenosine triphosphate content dropped in the recipient sediment from the top 1 cm (deposited in the 1990s) to 4 to 6 cm below the sediment surface (deposited in 1980s) by a factor of 1,000 but increased again in deeper, older layers (23 cm). The dominant species in the diatom community, Aulacoseira alpigena and Cyclotella kützingiana, disappeared and were replaced by Asterionella formosa in the 4-to 6-cm layer. This layer was three-to fivefold more toxic to Vibrio fischeri (as measured by the median effective concentration) and slightly genotoxic (as measured by the SOS-chromotest induction ratio, I C /I 0 for Esherichia coli PQ37) compared with the layers above and below it. The 4-to 6-cm layer also contained up to 4,900 mg of solvent-soluble organic halogen (per kilogram of sediment dry weight). Enzyme activity (chitinase, phosphatase, ␣-glucosidase, and ␤-glucosidase) was detected at depths of 0 to 1 cm and 4 to 6 cm, and more than 90% of the enzymes were bound to the particulate matter. Ninety-seven percent of the organic halogen in the sediment was particle bound. Apparently, full ecological recovery occurred in the layer from 0 to 1 cm, which had accumulated in 1990s, after the discharging pulp mill discontinued use of Cl 2 in the bleaching process and installed full-scale biological treatment for the wastewaters.

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“…In 1986 the strongly mutagenic compound 3-chloro-4(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H) furanone (MX ring form) was identified in chlorinated waters. 1 Since that time the mutagenic activity of MX has been widely studied [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] as well as methods for the determination of MX in drinking water. 7,[9][10][11][12][13][14]16,19 For neutral conditions, an equilibrium exists between three forms of MX: ring form, open form [(Z)-2-chloro-3(dichloromethyl)-4-oxobutenoic acid] and the geometric isomer of the open form (E)-MX ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometric Behaviour of (Z)-2-Chloro-3(Dichloromethyl)-4-Oxobutenoic Acid and (Z)-2-Chloro-3(Chloromethyl)-4-Oxobutenoic Acid (Open Forms of MX and CMCF Respectively) Molecular Ions

Frański

Andrzejewski

Nawrocki

2002

Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)

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Fragmentation pathways of ( Z)-2-chloro-3(dichloromethyl)-4-oxobutenoic acid (MX open form) and ( Z)-2-chloro- 3(chloromethyl)-4-oxobutenoic acid (CMCF open form) are discussed on the basis of recorded metastable ions and high-resolution data. It was found that the presence of the additional chlorine atom in the chloromethyl group affects the fragmentation pathways of MX. The elimination of the dichloromethyl radical was observed for the MX+• ion but elimination of the chloromethyl radical does not occur for the CMCF+• ion. For the latter compound, elimination of a CO molecule was registered. The elimination of an HCl molecule occurs for both ions.

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Determination of Chlorinated 5-Methyl-5-hydroxyfuranones in Drinking Water, in Chlorinated Humic Water, and in Pulp Bleaching Liquor

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Ecotoxicological Assessment of a Recipient Lake Sediment of Bleached-Kraft Pulping Discharges

Ecotoxicological Assessment of a Recipient Lake Sediment of Bleached-Kraft Pulping Discharges

Ecotoxicological assessment of a recipient lake sediment of bleached—kraft pulping discharges

Mass Spectrometric Behaviour of (Z)-2-Chloro-3(Dichloromethyl)-4-Oxobutenoic Acid and (Z)-2-Chloro-3(Chloromethyl)-4-Oxobutenoic Acid (Open Forms of MX and CMCF Respectively) Molecular Ions

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