Determination of chlorine, sulphur and phosphorus in organic materials by ion chromatography using electrodialysis sample pretreatment

Novič, Milko; Dovz̆an, A.; Pihlar, Boris; Hudnik, V.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)00105-v

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It was observed that the results obtained for microwave-assisted wet digestion and water extraction were lower than those obtained using the MIC procedure. It could be supposed that analyte losses could occur or the determination techniques could suffer interferences in acid media, as reported in the literature. − With concern for the water extraction in closed vessels, its use was not effective for Cl extraction from VR and agreement with MIC results was lower than 30%. Similar results were found for the BCR 181 sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It could be supposed that analyte losses could occur or the determination techniques could suffer interferences in acid media, as reported in the literature. [12][13][14][15][16][17] With concern for the water extraction in closed vessels, its use was not effective for Cl extraction from VR and agreement with MIC results was lower than 30%. Similar results were found for the BCR 181 sample.…”

Section: Chlorine Determination By Icp-oes and Ic In Vrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in this system, where the use of concentrated acids is commonly required, the blank values can be relatively high. In addition, the presence of high acid concentrations in the digests cannot be supported by some analytical techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma−optical emission spectrometry (ICP−OES) and ion chromatography (IC), and a subsequent step could be necessary to remove (or dilute) the acid excess. − In this sense, if a sample preparation system could allow us to obtain a convenient solution for chlorine determination using different techniques (e.g., ICP−OES and IC), it should be advantageous for routine Cl determination in complex samples, such as VR. In this respect, combustion techniques are particularly suitable to decompose organic materials with high carbon content because of the high temperature achieved .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of Microwave-Induced Combustion for Digestion of Crude Oil Vacuum Distillation Residue for Chlorine Determination

Pereira¹,

Mello²,

Duarte³

et al. 2009

Energy Fuels

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The microwave-induced combustion (MIC) method was applied for digestion of crude oil vacuum distillation residue for further chlorine determination. Ignition was performed by microwave radiation using a microwave oven designed for conventional pressurized wet digestion. Combustion was carried out using 20 bar of oxygen and NH 4 NO 3 as the igniter. Water or H 2 O 2 , Na 2 CO 3 , and (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 solutions were investigated for analyte absorption as well as the necessity of a reflux step. Digests were suitable to be analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and ion chromatography. Accuracy was evaluated using spiked samples and certified reference materials of coal (BCR 181) and fuel oil (NIST 1634c). Recoveries for Cl were in the range of 98.4-100.2% for all investigated solutions using the reflux step. The agreement with certified values was better than 95% using 25 mmol L -1 (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 as the absorbing solution and reflux step. Poor recoveries for Cl were observed using microwave-assisted wet digestion and water extraction procedures. Residual carbon content for MIC was below 1%, whereas it was about 20% using microwave-assisted wet digestion. Using MIC, up to 400 mg of sample could be decomposed and digestion was complete in less time (5 min for combustion and 20 min for cooling) in comparison to other conventional procedures (more than 1 h). Up to eight samples could be digested simultaneously, making the proposed procedure suitable for further routine Cl determination in oil refineries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Chlorine Determination By Icp-oes and Ic In Vrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Feasibility of Microwave-Induced Combustion for Digestion of Crude Oil Vacuum Distillation Residue for Chlorine Determination

Pereira¹,

Mello²,

Duarte³

et al. 2009

Energy Fuels

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“…The most suitable sample pretreatment techniques for posterior Cl determination include combustion techniques [9,10], acid digestion [11], extraction and dilution procedures after alkaline fusion [12,13]. The main disadvantages of sample pretreatment are related to the need of additional equipment, reagents, and the possibility of contamination and analyte loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strontium mono-chloride — A new molecule for the determination of chlorine using high-resolution graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis

Pereira

Welz

Lopéz

et al. 2014

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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A new method has been developed for the determination of chlorine in biological reference materials using highresolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GF MAS) of the strontium mono-chloride (SrCl) molecule and direct solid sample analysis. The use of the SrCl molecule for high-temperature MAS was not described up to now in the literature. Preliminary time-dependent density functional theory calculations of the SrCl structure were carried out in order to obtain reasonable estimates of the absorption spectrum of the target molecule. The calculations, which were carried out at BHandHLyp/def2-QZVP level of theory, proved a very accurate and inexpensive way to get information about the spectrum of the SrCl molecule, which enabled us to perform the Cl determination with good sensitivity and specificity. The molecular absorption of the SrCl molecule has been measured using the wavelength at 635.862 nm, and zirconium and palladium have been evaluated as the chemical modifiers in order to increase the sensitivity of the gaseous SrCl molecule generated in the graphite furnace. The pyrolysis and vaporization temperatures were 600°C and 2300°C, respectively. Accuracy and precision of the method have been evaluated using biological certified reference materials of both animal and plant origins, showing good agreement with the informed and certified values. Limit of detection and characteristic mass were 1.0 and 2.2 ng, respectively. The results found using HR-CS GF MAS were in agreement (95% confidence level) compared to those obtained by electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

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The Determination of Phosphates in Environmental Samples by Ion Chromatography

2006

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Determination of chlorine, sulphur and phosphorus in organic materials by ion chromatography using electrodialysis sample pretreatment

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Feasibility of Microwave-Induced Combustion for Digestion of Crude Oil Vacuum Distillation Residue for Chlorine Determination

Feasibility of Microwave-Induced Combustion for Digestion of Crude Oil Vacuum Distillation Residue for Chlorine Determination

Strontium mono-chloride — A new molecule for the determination of chlorine using high-resolution graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis

The Determination of Phosphates in Environmental Samples by Ion Chromatography

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