Determination of Chlorinity of Water without the Use of Chromate Indicator

Hong, Tae‐Kee; Kim, Myung‐Hoon; Czae, Myung-Zoon

doi:10.1155/2010/602939

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Titration methods, either through acid/base titration or the Mohr method, are the most common methods to determine IEC. From a safety perspective, the acid/base titration method may be preferred since the Mohr method involves hexavalent chromium (CrO 4 2-) which is a known carcinogen [110,111]; however, it has been postulated that there are inherent shortcomings with the acid/ base titration method related to CO 2 poisoning of the OHgroups. When the AEM in OHform is exposed to CO 2 -containing environments (e.g.…”

Section: Ion Exchange Capacity (Iec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the synthesis and characterization of anion exchange membranes

2018

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This review highlights advancements made in anion exchange membrane (AEM) head groups, polymer structures and membrane synthesis methods. Limitations of current analytical techniques for characterizing AEMs are also discussed. AEM research is primarily driven by the need to develop suitable AEMs for the high-pH and high-temperature environments in anion exchange membrane fuel cells and anion exchange membrane water electrolysis applications. AEM head groups can be broadly classified as nitrogen based (e.g. quaternary ammonium), nitrogen free (e.g. phosphonium) and metal cations (e.g. ruthenium). Metal cation head groups show great promise for AEM due to their high stability and high valency. Through ''rational polymer architecture'', it is possible to synthesize AEMs with ion channels and improved chemical stability. Heterogeneous membranes using porous supports or inorganic nanoparticles show great promise due to the ability to tune membrane characteristics based on the ratio of polymer to porou2s support or nanoparticles. Future research should investigate consolidating advancements in AEM head groups with an optimized polymer structure in heterogeneous membranes to bring together the valuable characteristics gained from using head groups with improved chemical stability, with the benefits of a polymer structure with ion channels and improved membrane properties from using a porous support or nanoparticles. AbbreviationsAAEM Alkaline anion exchange membrane AEM Anion exchange membrane AEMFC Anion exchange membrane fuel cell AEMWE Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis CEM Cation exchange membrane DSC Differential scanning calorimetry IEC Ion exchange capacity (mmol/g) IEM Ion exchange membrane PEMFC Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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Section: Ion Exchange Capacity (Iec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a AgNO 3 solution with K 2 CrO 4 indicator, the AEM/ Na 2 SO 4 solution is titrated until the K 2 CrO 4 endpoint, which indicates when all the chlorides have been precipitated and now Ag 2 CrO 4 forms. The resulting IEC calculated by the Mohr method is [110,114]:…”

Section: Ion Exchange Capacity (Iec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the synthesis and characterization of anion exchange membranes

2018

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“…The concentrations of Na + and K + were measured by flame photometry. Analyses of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were carried out with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (T80 UV/VIS, GBC Avanta, China), Clwas titrated with silver nitrate by Mohr method (Hong et al 2011).…”

Section: Elemental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

How glycine betaine induces tolerance of cucumber plants to salinity stress?

Estaji¹,

Kalaji²,

Karimi³

et al. 2019

Photosynt.

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The mechanism of osmoprotectant action on photosynthesis process is still not well known, especially under salt stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate and explain the effect of glycine betaine (GB) on photosynthetic efficiency and other physiological parameters of cucumber plants grown under salinity stress. Our results indicated that salinity decreased chlorophyll and carotenoids content, Ca 2+ and K + concentrations, and quantum yield parameters, such as probability that a trapped exciton moves an electron in to the electron transport chain beyond QA, quantum yield of electron transport from QA to QB in PSII, quantum yield of reduction of end electron acceptors in PSI, performance index for the photochemical activity, total performance index for the photochemical activity, trapping per reaction centers, and other parameters related to primary photochemical reactions of PSII. However, the exogenously applied GB increased most of tested parameters including the total soluble carbohydrate, proline and GB content, and Ca 2+ and K + concentrations, under salt stress. We suggest that GB can play an essential role as regulator to improve photosynthetic efficiency and thus yield of cucumber plants under salt stress conditions. At the level of photosynthesis process, the application of exogenous GB indirectly enhanced the performance of the photosynthetic machinery of cucumber plant due to the reduction of the dissipated light energy, as heat, and the increase of primary reactions of photosynthesis efficiency. Abbreviations: Chl -chlorophyll; DM -dry mass; ET0/RC -electron transport flux per RC; F0 -minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state; Fm -maximal fluorescence of the dark-adapted state FM -fresh mass; Fv -maximal variable fluorescence; Fv/Fm -maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry; GB -glycine betaine; PIabs -performance index for the photochemical activity; PItot -total performance index for the photochemical activity; RC -reaction center; SM -normalized area (related to the number of electron carriers per electron transport chain); TChl -total chlorophyll; TR0/RC -trapped energy flux per RC; TSC -total soluble carbohydrate; VI -relative variable fluorescence at I-step (30 ms after the start of actinic light pulse); VJ -relative variable fluorescence at J-step (2 ms after the start of actinic light pulse); ΦDo -quantum yield of energy dissipation; φET20 -quantum yield of electron transport from QA to QB in PSII; ΦPo -maximum quantum yield of primary PSII photochemistry; ΦRE10 -quantum yield of reduction of end electron acceptors in PSI; Ψ0 -probability that a trapped exciton moves an electron in to the electron transport chain beyond QA.

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“…[4], spektroskopi [5], voltametri [6] dan titrimetri [7][8][9]. Di antara beberapa metode tersebut, metode titrimetri mempunyai kelebihan yaitu : peralatan yang murah dan waktu analisis yang cepat [10].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Analysis of Chloride Levels in Well and PDAM Water in Ngelom Village, Sidoarjo

Ngibad¹,

Herawati²

2019

JKPK

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Chloride is an anion that dissolves easily in water samples and it is the main inorganic anion founded in water samples. Excess of chloride ions in drinking water can damage the kidneys. The aims of this study is to determine chloride levels in well and PDAM water samples in Ngelom Village. Determination of chloride levels in water samples using the Mohr argentometric titration method. The samples used was well water and PDAM water, each was taken from 20 locations in Ngelom Village. The samples were mixed with K2CrO4 indicator and then were titrated using the silver nitrate standard solution until the end point of the titration was marked with a brick red color. The results of the analysis of chloride levels in well water of 92 to 491 mg/L and in PDAM of 57 to 230 mg/L. Based on these results, it can be concluded that chloride levels in both well water and PDAM water samples were below maximum threshold which appointed in Permenkes RI No. 416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990 (≤600 mg/L).

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Determination of Chlorinity of Water without the Use of Chromate Indicator

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

A review of the synthesis and characterization of anion exchange membranes

A review of the synthesis and characterization of anion exchange membranes

How glycine betaine induces tolerance of cucumber plants to salinity stress?

Analysis of Chloride Levels in Well and PDAM Water in Ngelom Village, Sidoarjo

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