Determination of chlorpromazine and its major metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Application to biological fluids

Abstract

A method for the quantitative determination of chlorpromazine and five of its major metabolites in a single sample of biological fluid in the ng/ml range has been developed utilizing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected ion recording. The assay is highly specific and quantification is accomplished by an inverse stable isotope dilution technique, using deuterium-labeled variants of the compounds as internal standards. In this way the concentrations of chlorpromazine and five of its major metabolites (the sulfoxide, the N-oxide, the monodemethylated, the didemethylated, and the 7-hydroxylated compounds) can be determined in biological fluids. Levels in humans have been measured both in plasma and in red blood cells and are compared to those found in related in vitro studies.

Strategies in quantitative LC‐MS/MS analysis of unstable small molecules in biological matrices

“…separating the erythrocytes rapidly from plasma, and analyzing each analyte using separate matrices (erythrocytes for chlorpromazine and plasma for N‐ oxide). Alternatively, rapid sample extraction at a neutral pH using a non‐halogenated solvent is recommended (Gruenke et al ., 1985; Dell, 2004).…”

Stability Indicating HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride, Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride and Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride from Tablet Formulation

“…The literature survey revels that there are verity of analytical method for the quantification of THP, TFP and CLP from mono formulation or from biological matrix. The available methods for quantification of THP from formulation or from biological samples are based on LC-MS 5 , GC 6 , Capillary zone electrophoresis [7][8] , HPLC with UV detector 9 , UV-spectroscopy 10 and TLC and for quantification 11 of TFP from formulation or from biological samples are based on LC-MS 12 , HPLC with UV detector [13][14][15][16] , UV-spectroscopy 15,[17][18][19] , TLC 15,20 , GC-MS 21 , voltametric 22 and Fluorimetric 23 , however for quantification of CLP from formulation or from biological samples are based on LC-MS [24][25] , HPLC with UV detector [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] , UV-spectroscopy [33][34][35] , GC-MS 36,37 , TLC 38 , Potentiometer [39][40][41] , NMR 42 , Radioimmunoassay 43 , Fluorimetry 44 , Chemiluminescence 45 , Electron spin resonance spectroscopy 46 .…”

Comparative determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride content in multi-sourced chlorpromazine tablets in Nigeria

“…6 Various analytical methods have been used for the analysis of the compound in both pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids. Some of the analytical methods that have been employed include thinlayer chromatography 7 , gas liquid chromatography 8 , gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 9 , high performance liquid chromatography 10 -12 , spectroelectrochemical method 13 , spectrophotometry 14 , radioimmunoassay 15, 16 fluorimetry 17 , voltammetry 18 , chemiluminescence method 19 , electron spin resonance spectroscopy 20 , nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy 21 and flow-injection potentiometric method. 22 Presently, there is an increase in the number of generic drug products from multiple sources and this has placed the pharmacists and other health practitioners in a position of having to select one among several seemingly equivalent products.…”