Determination of choline and acetylcholine in distinct rat brain regions by stable isotope dilution and field desorption mass spectrometry

Lehmann, Wolf D.; Schulten, H.‐R.; Schröder, Nils

doi:10.1002/bms.1200051009

Cited by 22 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…FABMS2 (6), 252Cf fission-fragment and laser desorption (27), thermal ionization (11), field desorption (2,21,26), direct exposure chemical ionization (6), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (9,31) have all been applied to determine general features of ionization and fragmentation common to quaternary ammonium compounds. While all ofthe above techniques produce intact molecular cations, FABMS is particularly well suited to the analysis of preformed ions which exhibit surface activity in liquid sample matrices (25).…”

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Determination of Betaines by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry

Rhodes¹,

Rich²,

Myers³

et al. 1987

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRACIA rapid, sensitive, and selective method for the determination of betaines is described and discussed. The method entails derivatizing the quaternary ammonium compounds to increas their sensitivity to detection by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Sensitivity of detection increases markedly as the length of the carbon chain of the alcohol used to esterify the betaine carboxylic acid group is inreased (C4 > C3 > C2 > Cl > Ca). The lower limit of detection of glycine betaine as the i-propyl ester is 0.05 nanomole per microliter of glycerol. Betaine aldehyde can be readily derivatized to the di-n-butyl or di-n-propyl acetal derivatives which exhibit lower limits of detection of about 5 picomoles and 10 picomoles per microliter of glycerol respectively. Accurate quantification of these compounds is accomplished by the use of deuterium labeled internal stanards or quaternary ammonium compound homologs of distinct mass. Methods for the synthesis of these internal standards are reported. Some applications of these methods are iflustrated with stable isotope tracer studies on the kinetics of metabolism of choline to betaine aldehyde and glycine betaine in spinach leaf discs, and the identification of several Zea mays genotypes which appear deficient in glycine betaine. Tracer studies with deuterium labeled betaine aldehyde suggest that the deficiency of glycine betaine in one sweet corn hybrid is probably not due to a deficiency in the capacity to oxidize betaine aldehyde.Quaternary ammonium compounds occur widely in nature and may serve important roles as compatible osmotic solutes or osmoprotectants (13,17,22,(28)(29)(30)34). Glycine betaine (N,N, N-trimethyl glycine) is thus of considerable interest in terms of the osmotic stress tolerance of the Chenopodiaceae and Gramineae (7, 15-18, 20, 32, 33). But a key test of the adaptive significance of glycine betaine accumulation in osmoregulation in higher plants must ultimately come from the identification and detailed characterization ofglycine betaine deficient mutants of glycine betaine accumulating species (16,17 In considering screening maize germplasm for genotypic differences in glycine betaine levels, and potential methods for characterizing putative betaine null genotypes, we noted a paucity ofconvenient methods which would lend themselves to both accurate quantification of low glycine betaine levels in the presence of other quaternary ammonium compounds (e.g. choline, phosphoryl-choline, and betaine aldehyde) and stable isotope tracer studies on the betaine biosynthetic pathway. Available methods for betaine determination lack either sensitivity, resolution, and/or amenability to stable isotope tracer work (4, 8, 12-14, 19, 20). We therefore sought sensitive mass spectral methods for quantifying glycine betaine and its stable isotope abundance.Mass spectral analysis of quaternary ammonium compounds of synthetic and natural origin has been approached for the most part by desorption methods. FABMS2 (6), 252Cf fission-fragment and laser desorption (...

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Determination of Betaines by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry

Rhodes¹,

Rich²,

Myers³

et al. 1987

Plant Physiol.

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“…are directly amenable to mass spectrometric analysis using field desorption (7) even in case relatively crude extracts of biological origin are investigated (8). The sensitivity of FD MS in the positive ion mode for these types of cations is higher than for neutral organic compounds, obviously because preformed ions are investigated and no ionization or cationization process is necessary in this case.…”

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Specific radioactivity determinations of ionic organic compounds of high specific activity by fast atom bombardment and field desorption mass spectrometry

Lehmann

Kaspersen²

1984

Labelled Comp Radiopharmac

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Carbon-I4 and tritium labelled ionic organic compounds such as quaternary ammonium salts, steroid sulphates, bile acid conjugates, and oligopeptides have been analyzed for their label distribution and for their specific radioactivity by fast atom bombardment and field desorption mass spectrometry. No significant differences between the quantitative results with both techniques are found. The minimal specific radioactivities detectable by this approach are about 20 MBq mmol-' or 10 GBq mml-' for compounds labelled with one atom of carbon-14 or one atom of tritium per molecule, respectively. Specific radioactivity determinations of highly label led biochemicals are characterized by a precision and an accuracy in the region between 1 % and 5 %.

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Identification of carpronium chloride and its metabolite in human urine by field desorption mass spectrometry using deuterium labelling

Sano

Ohya

Ito

1979

Biol. Mass Spectrom.

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The identification of carpronium chloride and a metabolite in human urine has been performed by means of field desorption mass spectrometry using deuterium labelling. Essential points in this study are the simultaneous administration of a deuterium labelled drug ([2H9]carpronium chloride), a purification procedure by ion pair extraction with an iodine reagent, and the use of paper electrophoresis to examine the degree of clean-up. The field desorption mass spectra of the purified extracts obtained from sample urine gave a characteristic pattern resulting from the carpronium cation (m/z 160, m/z 169) and a metabolite of the N-(3-carbohydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium cation (m/z 146, m/z 155).

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Determination of choline and acetylcholine in distinct rat brain regions by stable isotope dilution and field desorption mass spectrometry

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Determination of Betaines by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry

Determination of Betaines by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry

Specific radioactivity determinations of ionic organic compounds of high specific activity by fast atom bombardment and field desorption mass spectrometry

Identification of carpronium chloride and its metabolite in human urine by field desorption mass spectrometry using deuterium labelling

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