Determination of clenbuterol at trace levels in raw gelatin powder and jellies using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Velasco-Bejarano, Benjamín; Gómez-Tagle, Anuar; Noguez-Córdova, Maria Olivia; Zambrano-Zaragoza, María L.; Miranda-Molina, Alfonso; Bautista, Jahir; Rodríguez, Leonardo; Velasco-Carrillo, Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131261

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…All zilpaterol concentrations, except for one occasion in the 5 × 50 μg study group, were found below 5 ng/ml, which is an important finding in consideration of WADA's Technical Letter TL23 concerning the minimum reporting level (MRL) for potential meat contaminants 111 . Moreover, no enantiomeric depletion was observed, in contrast to reports published for clenbuterol contamination scenarios 53,54 and urinary elimination profiles.…”

Section: Anabolic Agentscontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…In order to provide additional data into elimination profiles of frequently observed SARMs, LGD-4033 and RAD140 (Figure 1, 2 and 4) were each administered to five male volunteers in single and multiple microdoses of 1, 10, and 50 μg, and urine was collected up to 47 days after administration. 50,51 The studies aimed at mimicking scenarios of contamination, where individuals (e.g., athletes) are exposed to low amounts of prohibited substances and how such an exposure is Moreover, no enantiomeric depletion was observed, in contrast to reports published for clenbuterol contamination scenarios 53,54 and urinary elimination profiles.…”

Section: Other Anabolic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annual banned‐substance review—Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2021/2022–

Thevis

Kuuranne

Geyer

2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Also in 2021/2022, considerable efforts were invested into advancing human sports drug testing programs, recognizing and taking into account existing as well as emerging challenges in anti-doping, especially with regard to substances and methods of doping specified in the World Anti-Doping Agency's 2022 Prohibited List. In this edition of the annual banned-substance review, literature on recent developments published between October 2021 and September 2022 is summarized and discussed.Focus is put particularly on enhanced analytical approaches and complementary testing options in human doping controls, appreciating the exigence and mission in anti-doping and, equally, the contemporary "new normal" considering, for example, the athlete's exposome versus analytical sensitivity and applicable anti-doping regulations for result interpretation and management.

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Section: Anabolic Agentscontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Other Anabolic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual banned‐substance review—Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2021/2022–

Thevis

Kuuranne

Geyer

2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…The various livestock production systems currently in use employ various chemical substances to improve key parameters, especially those of commercial importance, such as presentation, color, and overall product appearance. This requires safety oversight to ensure the innocuousness of the foods that reach consumers' tables, because the prevalence of clenbuterol constitutes a frequent public health problem 3,4 . Beef was the world's 159th most traded product worldwide with a total value of $23.1B in 2020 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and enantiomeric distribution of clenbuterol in several bovine tissues using UHPLC–tandem mass spectrometry: Evaluation of a risk factor associated with meat contamination

Velasco-Bejarano

Espinoza-Muñoz

Álvarez-Sánchez

et al. 2023

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Clenbuterol (Clb) (4-amino-α-[(tert-butylamine) methyl]-3,5-dichlorobenzyl alcohol) is a sympathomimetic agent that exhibits β2-agonist activity. It is applied as a bronchodilatory, tocolytic, and mucolytic agent and is authorized for clinical management in both human and veterinary therapeutics as a racemic mixture. However, its use is strictly prohibited in animals destined for food production in countries in the European Union and in the United States and Mexico, among many others. The R-(À) enantiomer in clenbuterol stimulates β2-receptors, whereas the S-(+) enantiomer blocks the effect of β1-receptors. The aims of this study were to develop a method for detecting and quantifying Clb and its enantiomeric distribution in several bovine tissues. The UHPLC-MS/MS method developed to quantify the target compound at trace levels in these tissues combines high sensitivity with good selectivity and short chromatographic run time. The tissue samples tested were found to contain racemic Clb in concentrations of 5-447 pg g À1 . The enantiomeric analysis of Clb showed that R-(À)-Clb is present at higher concentrations in some tissues, whereas S-(+)-Clb was detected in a ratio of 55/45 in the liver and heart tissues.

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“…Various countries have strict limits or outright bans on these β2-adrenoceptor agonist residues in animal food [ 3 ]. Laboratory detection techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 4 ], liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry [ 5 ], and gas chromatography [ 6 ], have been applied to accurately analyze β2-adrenoceptor agonists. However, these methods require skilled personnel, sophisticated instruments, and specialized laboratory rooms, and are thus unsuitable for on-site detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Nanotag-Based Colorimetric/SERS Dual-Readout Immunochromatography for Ultrasensitive Detection of Clenbuterol Hydrochloride and Ractopamine in Food Samples

Zheng

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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Direct and sensitive detection of multiple illegal additives in complex food samples is still a challenge in on-site detection. In this study, an ultrasensitive immunochromatographic assay (ICA) using magnetic Fe3O4@Au nanotags as a capture/detection difunctional tool was developed for the direct detection of β2-adrenoceptor agonists in real samples. The Fe3O4@Au tag is composed of a large magnetic core (~160 nm), a rough Au nanoshell, dense surface-modified Raman molecules, and antibodies, which cannot only effectively enrich targets from complex solutions to reduce the matrix effects of food samples and improve detection sensitivity, but also provide strong colorimetric/surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) dual signals for ICA testing. The dual readout signals of the proposed ICA can meet the detection requirements in different environments. Specifically, the colorimetric signal allows for rapid visual detection of the analyte, and the SERS signal is used for the sensitive and quantitative detection modes. The proposed dual-signal ICA can achieve the simultaneous determination of two illegal additives, namely, clenbuterol hydrochloride and ractopamine. The detection limits for the two targets via colorimetric and SERS signals were down to ng mL−1 and pg mL−1 levels, respectively. Moreover, the proposed assay has demonstrated high accuracy and stability in real food samples.

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Determination of clenbuterol at trace levels in raw gelatin powder and jellies using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Annual banned‐substance review—Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2021/2022–

Annual banned‐substance review—Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2021/2022–

Quantification and enantiomeric distribution of clenbuterol in several bovine tissues using UHPLC–tandem mass spectrometry: Evaluation of a risk factor associated with meat contamination

Magnetic Nanotag-Based Colorimetric/SERS Dual-Readout Immunochromatography for Ultrasensitive Detection of Clenbuterol Hydrochloride and Ractopamine in Food Samples

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