Determination of complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds in ambient air: canister methodology

Wang, D. K. W.; Austin, C. C.

doi:10.1007/s00216-006-0466-6

Cited by 65 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…We speculate that these compounds formed abiotically due to the high levels of ammonia, 2,3-butanedione, and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone present since these compounds peak levels were coordinated with presence of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone. Previous research has shown that pyrazines form under mild conditions in presence of the aforementioned compounds (Shu and Lawrence, 1995;Shu, 1998;Yaylayan and Haffenden, 2003) with tertramethylpyrazine being its main product (Yaylayan and Haffenden, 2003), and with the addition of formaldehyde both di-and trimethyl oxazoles form as well (Wang and Austin, 2006). These compounds have low odor thresholds and may be responsible for some of the pungent and oppressive odors associated with poultry production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, slow filling of canisters and sampling in humid environments can result in condensation of water at the sample container inlet and inside canisters both of which can lead to potential loss of compounds (McClenny et al, 1999;Wang and Austin, 2006). It has also been shown that certain polar compounds associated with AFOs do not lend themselves to canister analysis (Koziel et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speciation of volatile organic compounds from poultry production

Trabue

Scoggin

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from poultry production are leading source of air quality problems. However, little is known about the speciation and levels of VOCs from poultry production. The objective of this study was the speciation of VOCs from a poultry facility using evacuated canisters and sorbent tubes. Samples were taken during active poultry production cycle and between production cycles. Levels of VOCs were highest in areas with birds and the compounds in those areas had a higher percentage of polar compounds (89%) compared to aliphatic hydrocarbons (2.2%). In areas without birds, levels of VOCs were 1/3 those with birds present and compounds had a higher total percentage of aliphatic hydrocarbons (25%). Of the VOCs quantified in this study, no single sampling method was capable of quantifying more than 55% of compounds and in several sections of the building each sampling method quantified less than 50% of the quantifiable VOCs. Key classes of chemicals quantified using evacuated canisters included both alcohols and ketones, while sorbent tube samples included volatile fatty acids and ketones. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from poultry production are leading source of air quality problems. However, little is known about the speciation and levels of VOCs from poultry production. The objective of this study was the speciation of VOCs from a poultry facility using evacuated canisters and sorbent tubes. Samples were taken during active poultry production cycle and between production cycles. Levels of VOCs were highest in areas with birds and the compounds in those areas had a higher percentage of polar compounds (89%) compared to aliphatic hydrocarbons (2.2%). In areas without birds, levels of VOCs were 1/3 those with birds present and compounds had a higher total percentage of aliphatic hydrocarbons (25%). Of the VOCs quantified in this study, no single sampling method was capable of quantifying more than 55% of compounds and in several sections of the building each sampling method quantified less than 50% of the quantifiable VOCs. Key classes of chemicals quantified using evacuated canisters included both alcohols and ketones, while sorbent tube samples included volatile fatty acids and ketones. The top five compounds made up close to 70% of VOCs and included: 1) acetic acid (830.1 mg m À3 ); 2) 2,3-butanedione (680.6 mg m À3 ); 3) methanol (195.8 mg m À3 ); 4) acetone (104.6 mg m À3 ); and 5) ethanol (101.9 mg m À3 ). Location variations for top five compounds averaged 49.5% in each section of the building and averaged 87% for the entire building.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of volatile organic compounds from poultry production

Trabue

Scoggin

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Although electropolished stainless steel canisters or bags made of inert materials can also be used to store air samples (e.g. Apel et al, 1999;Janson et al, 1999;Plass-Dülmer et al, 2006;Wang and Austin, 2006) with the advantage that no adsorption/desorption steps are needed, they are not commonly used for field BVOC measurements due to their high cost, extra precautions needed to avoid leaks, difficulties in evaluation of compound losses during storage, and problems in coupling canisters to open gas-exchange systems, especially for replicate measurements (for possible caveats see Apel et al, 1999;Batterman et al, 1998;Plass-Dülmer et al, 2006;Wang and Austin, 2006).…”

Section: Problems Of Sampling and Calculation Of Emission Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimations of isoprenoid emission capacity from enclosure studies: measurements, data processing, quality and standardized measurement protocols

Niinemets

Kühn²,

Harley³

et al. 2011

Biogeosciences

187

145

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Abstract. The capacity for volatile isoprenoid production under standardized environmental conditions at a certain time (E S , the emission factor) is a key characteristic in constructing isoprenoid emission inventories. However, there is large variation in published E S estimates for any given species partly driven by dynamic modifications in E S due to acclimation and stress responses. Here we review additional sources of variation in E S estimates that are due to measurement and analytical techniques and calculation and averaging procedures, and demonstrate that estimations of E S critically depend on applied experimental protocols and on data processing and reporting. A great variety of experimental setups has been used in the past, contributing to study-toCorrespondence to:Ü. Niinemets (ylo.niinemets@emu.ee) study variations in E S estimates. We suggest that past experimental data should be distributed into broad quality classes depending on whether the data can or cannot be considered quantitative based on rigorous experimental standards. Apart from analytical issues, the accuracy of E S values is strongly driven by extrapolation and integration errors introduced during data processing. Additional sources of error, especially in meta-database construction, can further arise from inconsistent use of units and expression bases of E S . We propose a standardized experimental protocol for BVOC estimations and highlight basic meta-information that we strongly recommend to report with any E S measurement. We conclude that standardization of experimental and calculation protocols and critical examination of past reports is essential for development of accurate emission factor databases.

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“…We used an Entech 7200 preconcentrator and 7016D autosampler to concentrate samples and introduce them to a gas chromatograph (GC) system for analysis. We used cold trap dehydration to reduce water vapor in the sample, as described by Wang and Austin (2006). The GC system consisted of two Shimadzu GC-2010 GCs with a flame ionization detector (FID) and a Shimadzu QP2010 Mass Spectrometer (MS), respectively.…”

Section: Flux Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%