Determination of Cross Sections for Gravity Type Quay Walls

Abstract

Block type quay walls are widely used as port structures in the world. In this study three types of vertical block type quay walls with different block size exposed to seismic loading were investigated experimentally. The block ratios of Type I, Type II and III vertical wall models are B/h=2, 1.5 and 1.5 & H/h=6, 6 and 3, respectively. The tests were conducted in the shaking tank with different harmonic seismic loadings and the behaviors of these walls were investigated comparatively.

Recent Advancements in Design Optimization of Lattice‐Structured Materials

“…Furthermore, Duan et al [146] implemented the BESO algorithm which is a gradientbased topology optimization approach, in which material is added in a design space when certain elements experience high stresses, while material is removed when unnecessary amount of mass is accumulated in a stress-free region. [147] Furthermore, The BESO algorithm follows the "soft-kill" scheme, in which the absence of an element is described with a minimal threshold (i.e., a value of 0.001) instead of complete void (as it is done in the SIMP method). [148] As highlighted previously, sensitivity-based topology optimization algorithms, such as, SIMP and BESO, require the calculation of elemental sensitivity relative to an objective function.…”