Determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in blood by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Kage, Shigetoshi; Nagata, Takeaki; Kudo, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1016/0378-4347(95)00344-4

Cited by 106 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This gradient resulted in an added to the diluted sample as an internal standard. This overall run time of 13 min with ATCA-(TMS) 3 eluting at apdiluted sample was then aspirated through an MCX colproximately 8.76 min. The GC was interfaced with a massumn, after conditioning with successive washes of 1 ml each selective detector with the transfer line held at 265 'C.…”

Section: Scn-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A The selectivity of the assay was determined by comparison basic solvent was used to neutralize the amine and release it of multiple blank samples of synthetic urine and swine plasma from the cationic sorbent. to determine the potential for interfering (unresolved) backAfter sample preparation, ATCA must be derivatized to ground peaks that co-elute with the ATCA-(TMS) 3 . To deteranalyze by GC-MS because it is non-volatile.…”

Section: Scn-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ATCA was mine recovery, an aliquot of ATCA was spiked into synthetic derivatized with MSTFA, which can react with primary and urine or swine plasma for a final concentration of 1000 ng/ml. secondary amines and carboxylic acid moieties, replacing ATCA-(TMS) 3 elutes at approximately 8.76 min. Fig.…”

Section: Scn-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 illustrates the mass spectra of derivatized ATCA. The mass-to-charge ratio of 362 corresponds to the molecular ion of the ATCA-(TMS) 3 . The probable fragmentation of the ATCA-(TMS) 3 derivative (corresponding to ions 347, 316, and 245 mfz) is also illustrated.…”

Section: Scn-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Introduction seen in Fig. 1, three major markers of cyanide exposure appear in the blood or urine of exposed individuals: cyanide Exposure to cyanide can occur by a number of scenarion (CN-), thiocyanate (SCN-), and 2-aminothiazoline-4-ios, including the use of cyanide as a chemical warfare agent carboxylic acid (ATCA) or its tautomer 2-iminothiazolidine-(CWA) [1][2][3][4][5]. The analysis of biological matrices, specifi-4-carboxylic acid (ITCA).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Determination of the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in urine and plasma by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Logue

Kirschten²,

Petrikovics

et al. 2005

Journal of Chromatography B

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information AbstractThe cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is a promising biomarker for cyanide exposure because of its stability and the limitations of direct determination of cyanide and more abundant cyanide metabolites. A simple, sensitive, and specific method based on derivatization and subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was developed for the identification and quantification of ATCA in synthetic urine and swine plasma. The urine and plasma samples were spiked with an internal standard (ATCA-d 2 ), diluted, and acidified. The resulting solution was subjected to solid phase extraction on a mixed-mode cation exchange column. After elution and evaporation of the solvent, a silylating agent was used to derivatize the ATCA. Quantification of the derivatized ATCA was accomplished on a gas chromatograph with a mass selective detector. The current method produced a coefficient of variation of less than 6% (intra-and interassay) for two sets of quality control (QC) standards and a detection limit of 25 ng/ml. The applicability of the method was evaluated by determination of elevated levels of ATCA in human urine of smokers in relation to non-smokers for both males and females.

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Section: Scn-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scn-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scn-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scn-mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in urine and plasma by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Logue

Kirschten²,

Petrikovics

et al. 2005

Journal of Chromatography B

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Cyanogenic Plants and Laetrile®

Barceloux

2008

Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances

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Cyanogenic Foods (Cassava, Fruit Kernels, and Cycad Seeds)

2008

Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances

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HISTORYCassava is a staple in Africa that contains toxic concentrations of cyanogenic glycosides when improperly processed. Occasionally, outbreaks of cyanide poisoning occur following the consumption of bitter cassava, particularly during periods of drought. 1 BOTANICAL DESCRIPTIONThe distribution of cyanogenic glycosides is widespread throughout the plant kingdom, occurring in at least 2,500 plants species, primarily in the Compositae, Fabaceae, Linaceae, and Rosaceae families. 2 Of these plants, clinically important human toxicity probably occurs only following the ingestion of cassava. Prunasin occurs in at least six plant families (Myoporaceae, Myrtaceae, Polypodiaceae, Rosaceae, Saxifragaceae, Scrophulariaceae). CassavaCommon Name : Cassava Scientifi c Name : Manihot esculenta Crantz Botanical Family : Euphorbiaceae (Spurge) Physical Description : Cassava is a perennial, woody shrub with large, brown, tapered tubers that are staples in many poor countries. This shrub or small tree reaches about 1.25 -5 m (4 -16 ft) in height. The leaves are glabrous and deeply parted with spatulate to linear -lanceolate acuminate lobes up to 15 cm (6 in.) long. The fl owers form panicles. Distribution and Ecology : This plant is a native species of Central and South America that was spread by 17th century explorers to Africa and later to the Indian subcontinent. Cassava is widely cultivated in subtropical and tropical areas for the high starch content of the tubers. Fruit Kernels ( Prunus spp. ) Common Name : Apple Scientifi c Name : Malus domestica Borkh. Botanical Family : Rosaceae (rose) Physical Description : This deciduous fruit tree forms a broad crown and reaches up to 12 m (39 ft) in height. The leaves are simple and alternate with a serrated tip and petiole up to 5 cm (2 in.) long. The white fl ower appears in spring with fi ve petals. The fruit matures in autumn with fi ve, star -shaped carpels containing one or two seeds. Distribution and Ecology : The apple is a native plant of the mountains in Central Asia, and now numerous cultivars of the apple are widely distributed throughout the world. Common Name : Peach Scientifi c Name : Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. Botanical Family : Rosaceae (rose) Physical Description : The deciduous tree reaches up to 10 m (33 ft) in height with broad, lanceolate leaves up to 15 cm (6 in.) long. In early spring, the solitary, pink fl owers appear before the leaves with fi ve petals. The drupe (stone fruit) contains a single, large seed with a hard, corrugated cover. Chapter 5 CYANOGENIC FOODS 45Distribution and Ecology : This peach tree is a native species of China, which is now widely cultivated in temperate climates. However, the chilling requirements and limited cold tolerance of the fruit restricts the areas of production to places other than tropical and subtropical climates. Cycad SeedsCycas plants (e.g., Cycas revoluta Thunb. or sago palm) belong to the order Cycadales, which contains approximately 11 genera of tropical and subtropical plants that produce terminal oblong cones...

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Determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in blood by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Cited by 106 publications

References 18 publications

Determination of the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in urine and plasma by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Determination of the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in urine and plasma by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cyanogenic Plants and Laetrile®

Cyanogenic Foods (Cassava, Fruit Kernels, and Cycad Seeds)

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