Determination of cyclic and linear siloxanes in soil samples by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Sánchez‐Brunete, Consuelo; Miguel, E.G. San; Albero, Beatriz; Tadeo, José L.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.031

Cited by 68 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…But again, more samples and sites must be considered in fu-ture studies, as only two were found in literature reporting levels of siloxanes in soils. In the first one, Sánchez-Brunete et al (2010) showed overall very similar mean total concentrations of five siloxanes (from 15 to 84 ng g −1 , dw) for agricultural, sludge-amended and industrial soils from Spain. Only in two industrial soils that higher values were registered (up to 611 ng g −1 , dw), and more recently, Sanchís et al (2015) obtained levels of 0.5 to 175 ng g −1 (dw) in soils from the Antarctica.…”

Section: Soilsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…D4 is classified by the European Union (EU) as an endocrine disruptor. Their presence was proven in different environmental media such as biota (Warner et al 2010;Hong et al 2014;Sanchís et al 2015), wastewater, surface water and seawater (Sparham et al 2008;Bletsou et al 2013;Hong et al 2014), air (Genualdi et al 2011;Krogseth et al 2013b), sediments (Warner et al 2010;Hong et al 2014), sludge (Bletsou et al 2013) and soil (Sánchez-Brunete et al 2010;Sanchís et al 2015). However, there is a general lack of information about siloxanes from the production to the levels in the environment and monitoring studies are scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extraction of siloxanes from this kind of matrices usually relies in techniques such as Soxhlet or sonication followed in some cases by further clean-up steps (Sánchez-Brunete et al 2010;Genualdi et al 2011). In this study, it was decided to use a more environment-friendly approach employing the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method for the soils and pine needles, following previous work done in our group to extract musks from personal care products (Homem et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using air, soil and vegetation to assess the environmental behaviour of siloxanes

Ratola

Ramos

Homem

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study aimed to contribute to the enhancement of the knowledge of levels, trends and behaviour of eight siloxanes (four linear and four cyclic) in the environment. Adding to the prioritised scrutiny of the incidence in the atmosphere through passive samplers (sorbentimpregnated polyurethane foam disks-SIPs), the sampling of pine needles and soil was also performed, thus closing the circle of atmospheric exposure in the areas of study. Two sampling campaigns (one in summer and one in winter) were done in a total of eight sampling points in the Portuguese territory, which covered a wide range of human presence and land uses (urban, industrial, remote and beach areas). By adopting a "green" approach in terms of analytical methods, namely reducing the clean-up steps for the passive air samples and using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) technology for soils and pine needles, the results showed total concentration of siloxanes between 5 and 70 ng g −1 (dry weight) for soils and from 2 to 118 ng g −1 (dry weight (dw)) for pine needles, with no clear seasonal trend. For SIPs, the levels varied from 0.6 to 7.8 ng m −3 and were higher in summer than in winter in all sites. Overall, the cyclic siloxanes were found in much higher concentrations, with D5 and D6 being the most predominant in a great majority of cases. Also, the urban and industrial areas had the highest incidence, suggesting a strong anthropogenic fingerprint, in line with their main uses.

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Section: Soilsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using air, soil and vegetation to assess the environmental behaviour of siloxanes

Ratola

Ramos

Homem

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…They are, in general, very persistent once released in the environment. In recent years, various studies pointed out that some siloxanes may have endocrine disrupting properties and effects on the reproduction, which may cause concern about their effect on humans and the environment (Sánchez-Brunete et al, 2010;Lu et al, 2011). PDMSs have been detected in environmental samples, such as surface water, sediments and fish tissue.…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several investigations have examined the fate of estrogens in WWTPs, however, few studies have measured the concentrations of estrogenic compounds in sludge due to unresolved analytical problems, such as inefficient selectivity and high limits of detection (Richardson and Ternes, 2011;Liu et al, 2010). For the determination siloxanes and synthetic musks in wastewater and soil samples, the method of choice is gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Sánchez-Brunete et al, 2010;Lv et al, 2010).…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging contaminants : a tutorial mini-review

2013

Global NEST Journal

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Nowadays, the scientific community has focused and prioritised research on "emerging pollutants". The term "emerging pollutants" stands for the substances that are released in the environment for which currently no regulations are established for their environmental monitoring. Their occurrence is reported worldwide in a range of aquatic environments, such as lakes, rivers, freshwater catchments, estuaries, reservoirs and marine waters. Nevertheless, due to their large number (ranging in an order of thousands), only few of these compounds are toxicologically evaluated. Published data concerning occurrence and potential toxicological effects is limited. The contamination source of the aquatic environment is mainly the effluents from the sewage treatment plants (STPs). Reliable methods are available for residue analysis of these pollutants down to low ng L -1 levels. However, an urgent need is highlighted for the investigation (primarily in environmental media and following in biological ones) of the toxicity and transformation pathways of all emerging pollutants. The aims of this mini-review are to briefly present: (a) the major classes of emerging pollutants; (b) the reasons why these substances constitute an environmental issue; and (c) developments and applications of environmental analysis in this field.

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Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) environmental sources, fate, transport, and routes of exposure

Mackay

Cowan-Ellsberry²,

Powell

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The environmental sources, fate, transport, and routes of exposure of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5; CAS no. 541-02-6) are reviewed in the present study, with the objective of contributing to effective risk evaluation and assessment of this and related substances. The present review, which is part of a series of studies discussing aspects of an effective risk evaluation and assessment, was prompted in part by the findings of a Board of Review undertaken to comment on a decision by Environment Canada made in 2008 to subject D5 to regulation as a toxic substance. The present review focuses on the early stages of the assessment process and how information on D5's physical-chemical properties, uses, and fate in the environment can be integrated to give a quantitative description of fate and exposure that is consistent with available monitoring data. Emphasis is placed on long-range atmospheric transport and fate in water bodies receiving effluents from wastewater treatment plants (along with associated sediments) and soils receiving biosolids. The resulting exposure estimates form the basis for assessments of the resulting risk presented in other studies in this series. Recommendations are made for developing an improved process by which D5 and related substances can be evaluated effectively for risk to humans and the environment.

show abstract

Determination of cyclic and linear siloxanes in soil samples by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cited by 68 publications

References 15 publications

Using air, soil and vegetation to assess the environmental behaviour of siloxanes

Using air, soil and vegetation to assess the environmental behaviour of siloxanes

Emerging contaminants : a tutorial mini-review

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) environmental sources, fate, transport, and routes of exposure

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