Determination of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane in river and estuarine sediments in the UK

Sparham, Chris; Egmond, Roger van; Hastie, Colin; O’Connor, Sean M.; Gore, David; Chowdhury, Namrata

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.030

Cited by 57 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…On the other hand, D5 concentrations in sediments were in agreement with the results obtained in previous studies (low ng/g to low μg/g), as for example those from the Songhua River (Zhang et al, 2011), and lower than the concentrations determined in the River Great Ouse and the Humber estuary (Sparham et al, 2011), and in the Himmerfjärden and in the lake Vänern (Kaj et al, 2005). Exceptionally, high concentrations of D5 were detected in SED-F, which was from a stagnant section of the river where accumulation is expected.…”

Section: Analysis Of Surface Water and Sedimentssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…On the other hand, in most of the studies the analysis of sediments has been carried out by solid-liquid extraction (SLE) (Sparham et al, 2011;Warner et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2011), presenting LODs in the 0.5-1.0 ng/g order. Accelerated solvent liquid extraction (ASE) was also explored in a recent study (Sparham et al, 2011), showing that while ASE is a high-throughput and automatable technique blank contamination was still high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of linear and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in wastewater, surface water and sediments from Catalonia

Sanchís

Martı́nez

Ginebreda

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

110

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Section: Analysis Of Surface Water and Sedimentssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of linear and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in wastewater, surface water and sediments from Catalonia

Sanchís

Martı́nez

Ginebreda

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

110

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“…They are considered high production volume chemicals, having annual productions for some of them of 45-227 thousand tons worldwide; however, recent reports raise concern about the potential toxic effects of cyclic siloxanes [116]. Siloxanes are likely to be discharged into sewage systems through the use of "rinse-off" products and partially adsorbed onto sludge in WWTPs due to their high Kow and released to the aquatic environment through wastewater discharges [117][118][119], having also been found in sewage sludge [115,119] and sediment [119,120]. The siloxane family includes octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) and tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane (D7) [118].…”

Section: Siloxanesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Introduction: Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment

Molins-Delgado

Díaz˗Cruz

Barceló

2014

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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This chapter presents an overview of the main aspects relating to the occurrence and impact of ingredients in personal care products to the aquatic environment: methodologies of analysis, prevalence data, elimination processes, threats to the aquatic ecosystem, effects on biota and legislation with a special focus in European regulation. Water is a valuable resource for the environment as well as for human activities. Although it covers most of the Earth's surface, the amount of usable water is finite. Since ancient times until now, the use of water in human activities has been rapidly increasing along with the increase of the population, producing a continuous release of pollutants into the aquatic environment. Personal care products are a widely used group of substances that have been raising concerns during the last decades due to its continuous release into the environment and its proven effects (mostly on in vitro and in vivo assays) as a threat to all kinds of living organisms. Recent studies suggest that its continuous application on the skin or the intake of contaminated food may cause some concerning hazardous effects in human beings. In order to ensure the protection of this key ecosystem, a series of worldwide initiatives have been taking place during the last two decades, impelling monitoring programmes and governmental regulations worldwide. The common grounds of the European Union establish a series of regulations, such as the Water

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“…Este procedimiento ha resultado efectivo para minimizar la contaminación de fondo en el análisis de diferentes tipos de muestras, incluyendo aire, biota y sedimentos y ha sido el empleado por la mayor parte de los autores. 33,39,[42][43][44] A modo de…”

Section: Contaminación De Fondounclassified

“…Los disolventes comúnmente utilizados son: n-hexano, n-pentano, acetonitrilo, clorobenceno, y mezclas acetato de etilo/n-hexano y diclorometano/n-hexano [11][12][13]39,44,48,[55][56][57][58][59] . Como alternativa a la extracción con disolvente mediante agitación, también se ha aplicado la extracción asistida por ultrasonidos (UAE) 51,59,60 y la extracción con líquidos presurizados (PLE), 43 sin embargo, estos métodos no son recomendables dado el hecho de que pueden producirse pérdidas de los analitos más volátiles al utilizarse elevadas temperaturas y presión. Debe decirse que de manera general, en los métodos que aplican la extracción con disolventes, se han logrado alcanzar recuperaciones superiores al 70% y LODs entre 0.003 y 37 ng g -1 p.s.…”

Section: Pérdidas Por Volatilizaciónunclassified

Problemas en el análisis de metilsiloxanos volátiles (VMS): origen y soluciones

Companioni-Damas¹

2016

Quim. Nova

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PROBLEMS IN THE ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE METILSILOXANES (VMS): ORIGIN AND SOLUTIONS. Volatile methylsiloxanes (VMS) are pollutants widely distributed in the environment due to its extensive uses and high volatility. The analysis of these compounds is commounly performed by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and it is dificult due to the presence of background contamination and volatile losses. Different preconcentration techniques such as purge and trap (P&T), headspace (HS) and headspace -solid phase microextraccion (HS-SPME) have been applied for the analysis of VMS in environmental samples. Alternatively, solvent extraction combined with large volume injection techniques has been an effective method for the analysis of complex matrices (eg. wastewater, sludges). In this review, the efficiency of the different methods reported for the analysis of VMS is discussed, and different solutions are proposed to minimize background contamination and volatilization.Keywords: volatile methylsiloxanes; GC-MS, background contamination; large volume injection. INTRODUCCIÓNLos siloxanos son compuestos constituidos por átomos de silicio y oxígeno enlazados entre sí de forma alternada, donde cada átomo de silicio se encuentra a su vez unido a uno o diferentes grupos orgánicos. Dentro de esta familia de compuestos los metilsiloxanos de cadena corta conocidos como metilsiloxanos volátiles (VMS), han recibido una especial atención en los últimos años debido a su elevada capacidad de bioacumulación, 1-7 potencial cancerogenicidad 8-10 y amplia distribución ambiental. 11-21 Estos compuestos se presentan en conformaciones lineales o cíclicas tal y como se ilustra en la Figura 1, y se caracterizan principalmente por presentar una elevada presión de vapor (2.3 -5620 Pa a 25 o C) y baja solubilidad en agua (0.07 -1560 µg L -1 a 25 o C). [22][23][24] Entre sus principales aplicaciones se encuentra su uso como constituyentes básicos en cosméticos y productos de higiene personal, como materiales de partida para la síntesis de polisiloxanos de elevado peso molecular, y su empleo como aditivos en productos de limpieza, desengrasantes, lubricantes, disolventes, pinturas, lacas y barnices.Como consecuencia de su amplia utilización los VMS se emiten en grandes cantidades al medio ambiente. La elevada volatilidad de estos compuestos condiciona que más del 90% de los VMS se emitan a la atmosfera, mientras que tan solo un 10 % se descarga en las aguas residuales tanto industriales como urbanas. 25 Se ha demostrado que su mayor emisión a la atmósfera se produce en zonas cercanas a plantas depuradoras de aguas residuales, aunque también constituyen importantes focos de emisión de VMS, aquellos relacionados al uso y la fabricación de productos de higiene personal, siendo considerados como una de sus principales vías de entrada al medio ambiente. [11][12][13]26 En cuanto a la toxicidad de los VMS, la mayor parte de los estudios publicados están enfocados a los VMS cíclicos, ya que este grupo de compuestos son los que se encuentran en mayore...

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Determination of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane in river and estuarine sediments in the UK

Cited by 57 publications

References 10 publications

Occurrence of linear and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in wastewater, surface water and sediments from Catalonia

Occurrence of linear and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in wastewater, surface water and sediments from Catalonia

Introduction: Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment

Problemas en el análisis de metilsiloxanos volátiles (VMS): origen y soluciones

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