Determination of Deoxynivalenol in Cereals and Cereal Products by Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup with Liquid Chromatography: Interlaboratory Study

MacDonald, Susan; Chan, Danny; Brereton, Paul; Damant, Andrew; Wood, Roger; Duy, K. Dao; Felgueiras, I.; Feron, T.; Herry, Marie P; Ioannou–Kakouri, Eleni; Koch, Priska; Krska, Rudolf; Majerus, P.; Nesbit, Jacqueline B.; Reuter, M.; Stangroom, S; Symonds, P.; Weber, Rudolf

doi:10.1093/jaoac/88.4.1197

Cited by 59 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Using this approach nivalenol has been determined (together with deoxynivalenol) at levels down to 50 µg/kg in cereals. The major drawback of HPLC-UV detection is the high background noise caused by co-extracted compounds (MacDonald et al, 2005;Stroka et al, 2006). FLD detection generally leads to lower detectability and selectivity of the measurement compared to HPLC-UV.…”

Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed

2013

EFSA Journal

136

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Nivalenol is a mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium species. The European Commission (EC) asked the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for a scientific opinion on the risk to human and animal health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed. A total of 13 164 results for nivalenol in food, feed and unprocessed grains, collected in 2001-2011 from 18 European countries, were available for the evaluation. The highest mean concentrations for nivalenol were observed in oats, maize, barley and wheat and products thereof. Grains and grain-based foods, in particular bread and rolls, grain milling products, pasta, fine bakery wares and breakfast cereals, made the largest contribution to nivalenol exposure for humans. Animal exposure to nivalenol is primarily from consuming cereal grains and cereal by-products. The available information on the toxicokinetics of nivalenol is incomplete. Evidence exists for metabolic de-epoxidation in some species. Based on the data available, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) concluded that the overall weight of evidence is that nivalenol is unlikely to be genotoxic. Toxic effects of nivalenol include immunotoxicity and haematotoxicity. A reduction in white blood cell (WBC) counts in a 90-day rat study was identified as the critical effect for human risk assessment. Using these data and a benchmark dose analysis the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 1.2 µg/kg b.w. per day. All chronic human dietary exposures to nivalenol estimated, based on the available occurrence data in food, are below the TDI, and are therefore not a health concern. No toxicity data were identified for ruminants, rabbits, fish and companion animals but lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels were identified in pigs and poultry. Based on estimates of exposure the risk of adverse health effects of feed containing nivalenol is low for both these species

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Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed

2013

EFSA Journal

136

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“…Standards of AFs (in toluene:ACN, 9:1 v/v), OTA (in toluene:acetic acid, 99:1 v/v), ZON, DON, T-2 and HT-2 (in ACN), FB 1 and FB 2 (in ACN:H 2 O, 50:50 v/v) were prepared by dissolving the solid pure substance in the appropriate solvent and were stored at −18°C until use. The concentration of the stock solution was measured by UV spectroscopy (Shimadzu, UV-1700) according to AOAC Official methods (AOAC, 2010a(AOAC, , 2010b(AOAC, , 2010cMacDonald, Anderson, et al, 2005;MacDonald, Chan, et al, 2005). Working standard solutions of known concentrations were prepared by the appropriate dilution of the stock solution.…”

Section: Preparation Of Standard Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several analytical (chemical and biochemical) methods have been developed for the determination of individual mycotoxins after immunoaffinity column clean-up (AOAC, 2010a(AOAC, , 2010b(AOAC, , 2010c(AOAC, , 2010dCano-Sancho, Sanchis, Marin, & Ramos, 2013;Li et al, 2014;Majeed, Iqbal, Rafique, & Zafar, 2013;MacDonald, Anderson, Brereton, Wood, & Damant, 2005;MacDonald, Chan, Brereton, Damant, & Wood, 2005;Rahmani, Jinap, & Soleimany, 2009;Rahmani, Jinap, Soleimany, Khatib, & Tan, 2011;Stroka, Anklam, Jorissen, & Gilbert, 2000;Vaclavikova, MacMahon, Zhang, & Begley, 2013). Chromatographic methods commonly used for the quantitative determination of mycotoxins in foodstuffs include thin-layer chromatography (TLC) (Stroka, Otterdijk, & Anklam, 2000), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV), photo diode array, fluorescence detectors or mass spectrometry (MS), and gas chromatography coupled with electron capture, flame ionization or MS detectors (Krska et al, 2008;Shephard et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A validated UPLC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method for nuts and cereals: results of the official control in Cyprus within the EU requirements

Kafouris

Christofidou

Christodoulou

et al. 2016

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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The validation of a rapid, reliable and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol, Fumonisins, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, in nuts and cereals is reported. This method is based on a single extraction step using an acetonitrile/water mixture followed by the analysis of the diluted crude extract using ultra highperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The method performance characteristics were determined after spiking blank samples. The mean recoveries in spiked nuts ranged from 74.4% to 131.7%, while in cereals ranged from 52.8% to 113.9%. Limits of detection and quantification for nuts and cereals ranged 0.08-30.0 and 0.25-99.0 μg/kg, respectively. Validated method was used for monitoring mycotoxins in 120 samples. A total of 97 samples (81%) were contaminated with at least one of these mycotoxins, but only the 3% of the samples exceeded the maximum levels of the EU legislation.

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“…DON analysis was carried out according to the method reported by MacDonald et al (2005b), with slight modifications. In particular, 20 g of ground sample was extracted with 80 ml water after adding 4 g of PEG.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Fusarium toxins during traditional Turkish maize bread production

Numanoğlu¹,

Uygun²,

Köksel³

et al. 2010

Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops &Amp; Foods

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Introduction The occurrence of major Fusarium toxins in maize samples collected in the Black Sea region of Turkey and fate of these toxins during traditional Turkish maize bread production was investigated. Materials and methods Twenty maize samples were analysed for deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins, T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Contamination profiles of maize samples were determined in order to choose the toxins to be monitored during bread production. Breads were produced from low or uncontaminated maize samples and from the mixture of highly contaminated ones. After baking, crust and crumb of the breads were separated and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography standard methods with ultraviolet or fluorescence detection. Results and conclusions In total, toxin levels in 30% of the maize samples were found to be higher than the limits established by the European Union. After bread processing no significant reduction of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins was measured in the bread crust and crumb. According to the mass balance of mycotoxins measured in maize flour and relevant maize bread only 2.1%, 0.1% and 3.1% of the total initial amounts of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins, respectively, were lost. Breads were not analysed for T-2 and HT-2 as their levels in maize were quite low ( o 50 mg kg À1 ).

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Determination of Deoxynivalenol in Cereals and Cereal Products by Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup with Liquid Chromatography: Interlaboratory Study

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed

Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed

A validated UPLC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method for nuts and cereals: results of the official control in Cyprus within the EU requirements

Stability of Fusarium toxins during traditional Turkish maize bread production

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