Determination of dielectric properties of titanium carbide fabricated by microwave synthesis with Ti-bearing blast furnace slag

Liu, Peng; Zhang, Libo; Liu, Bingguo; Guang-jun, HE; Peng, Jinhui; Huang, Mengyang

doi:10.1007/s12613-020-1985-4

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The emergence of intermediates increased the electronic activity of iron atoms at the start of the reaction, causing a significant increase in 𝜀 ′ 𝑟 ′ by polarization damping and conductivity losses. However, only when the reaction scale was large enough to form a stable number of intermediates did the polarization energy storage (described by 𝜀 ′ 𝑟 ) increase significantly, indicating that 𝜀 ′ 𝑟 ′ was more sensitive to the intermediates in the process of microwave heating chemical reactions; similar results were also observed in microwave synthesis of TiC 56) . 𝐷 p decreased as the temperature increased, and the 𝐷 p of TC mixed with different amounts of pulverized coal was consistent in the temperature range of 750°C-1000°C, the average 𝐷 p was 1.6 cm, implying that the pellet diameter of MTC should be around 1.6 cm to obtain a good microwave heating effect and energy usage rate.…”

Section: Dielectric Propertiessupporting

confidence: 54%

“…The loss tangent was the ratio of 𝜀 ′ 𝑟 ′ to 𝜀 ′ 𝑟 (Equation 13). The fluctuation in the temperature of 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛿 indicates a reaction or phase transition 56) . Equation 14was used to calculate the penetration depth into materials, which describes how microwave energy decays from the material surface to 1/e of the energy before incident 56) .…”

Section: Measurement Of Dielectric Parameters and Calculation Of The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure Ti–Fe Phase Separation Mechanism in the Direct Reduction Process of Titanomagnetite with Coal by Microwave Heating

et al. 2022

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Synopsis: Although microwave heating has been used in the field of metallurgy since the 1980s, there are few reports on using microwave heating to strengthen Ti-Fe phase separation in the reduction process of titanomagnetite. Microstructure Ti-Fe phase separation by microwave heating was found to be beneficial to the reduction process of titanomagnetite through the investigation of formation enthalpy and reduction difficulties. The dielectric properties and energy band structure of Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , and TiO 2 were determined, the dielectric constant (𝜀 ′ 𝑟 : 20.00) and dielectric loss (𝜀 ′ 𝑟 ′ : 2.82) of Fe 3 O 4 were significantly superior to those of TiO 2 (𝜀 ′ 𝑟 : 3.42, 𝜀 ′ 𝑟 ′ : 0.04), and the physical thermal stress between Fe 3 O 4 and TiO 2 phases in the reduction process was conducive to the microstructure Ti-Fe phase separation process. Besides thermal stress, microstructure Ti-Fe phase separation was mainly due to the ampere traction force generated between local isotropic ring current in adjacent iron atoms. This study revealed the microstructure Ti-Fe phase separation mechanism in the reduction process of titanomagnetite by microwave heating.

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Section: Dielectric Propertiessupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Measurement Of Dielectric Parameters and Calculation Of The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Ti–Fe Phase Separation Mechanism in the Direct Reduction Process of Titanomagnetite with Coal by Microwave Heating

et al. 2022

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“…However, the change in the conversion to rutile TiO 2 is small with the increase in the sample mass, showing that the effect of this variable on the rutile TiO 2 conversion is insignificant; these results are also consistent with the ANOVA results. This phenomenon mainly occurs because microwave radiation has the characteristics of bulk heating, high thermal efficiency, and uniform heating under a certain microwave power density [15]. The 3D response surface graph in Fig.…”

Section: Response Surface Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rutile TiO₂ Production: Optimization of Microwave Calcination of Metatitanic Acid Using Response Surface Methodology

et al. 2022

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Rutile TiO2 was prepared by microwave calcination of metatitanic acid. A quadratic regression model for the conversion to rutile TiO2 was developed by response surface methodology (RSM), to investigate the effects of the calcination temperature, the calcination time, the sample mass, and their interactions on the conversion rates. Within the scope of the experiments, only the calcination temperature and time had significant effects on the rutile TiO2 conversion. Under the optimized conditions (866 °C, 61 min, 58 g), the predicted rutile TiO2 conversion was 99.91 %, approaching the actual conversion (99.44 %). Thus, the optimization by RSM of microwave calcination of metatitanic acid for the preparation of rutile TiO2 is a feasible approach to achieving a more efficient TiO2 production process.

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“…X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy was detected by K-Alpha + electron spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) to determine the surface chemical composition of materials. The dielectric properties of MAM were measured by a dielectric device (Agilent-E5071C, Innovation of Zhide, Beijing, China) [32,33].…”

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hg/Se/PbSO4 Recovery by Microwave-Intensified HgSe Pyrolysis from Toxic Acid Mud

Zeng

Liu

Hong

et al. 2022

Metals

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The acid mud produced in the nonferrous smelting process is a hazardous waste, which mainly consists of elements Hg, Se, and Pb. Valuable metal (Hg/Se/Pb) can be recovered from acid mud by heat treatment. For safe disposal of the toxic acid mud, a new resource utilization technology by microwave roasting is proposed in this paper. The reaction mechanisms were revealed through thermodynamics and thermogravimetric analysis, which showed that the main reaction was the oxidative pyrolysis of HgSe in the process of roasting. Moreover, the mercury removal effects of acid mud by microwave heating and conventional heating were studied, the recovery rate of mercury by microwave heating for 30 min at 400 °C was 99.5%: far higher than that of conventional heating for 30 min at 500 °C (44.3%). This was due to the high dielectric constant of HgSe, as microwaves can preferentially heat HgSe and reduce the adsorption energy of HgSe on the surface of PbSO4 blocks, thus strengthening the pyrolysis process of HgSe and reducing energy consumption. The preferable prototyping technology for resource utilization of toxic acid mud should be microwave roasting. This study is of great significance for the realization of mercury pollution reduction and for green production of lead-zinc smelting.

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Determination of dielectric properties of titanium carbide fabricated by microwave synthesis with Ti-bearing blast furnace slag

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Microstructure Ti–Fe Phase Separation Mechanism in the Direct Reduction Process of Titanomagnetite with Coal by Microwave Heating

Microstructure Ti–Fe Phase Separation Mechanism in the Direct Reduction Process of Titanomagnetite with Coal by Microwave Heating

Rutile TiO₂ Production: Optimization of Microwave Calcination of Metatitanic Acid Using Response Surface Methodology

Hg/Se/PbSO4 Recovery by Microwave-Intensified HgSe Pyrolysis from Toxic Acid Mud

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Determination of dielectric properties of titanium carbide fabricated by microwave synthesis with Ti-bearing blast furnace slag

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Microstructure Ti–Fe Phase Separation Mechanism in the Direct Reduction Process of Titanomagnetite with Coal by Microwave Heating

Microstructure Ti–Fe Phase Separation Mechanism in the Direct Reduction Process of Titanomagnetite with Coal by Microwave Heating

Rutile TiO2 Production: Optimization of Microwave Calcination of Metatitanic Acid Using Response Surface Methodology

Hg/Se/PbSO4 Recovery by Microwave-Intensified HgSe Pyrolysis from Toxic Acid Mud

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About

Rutile TiO₂ Production: Optimization of Microwave Calcination of Metatitanic Acid Using Response Surface Methodology