Determination of emitted airborne microorganisms from a BIO-PAK wastewater treatment plant

Korzeniewska, Ewa; Filipkowska, Zofia; Gotkowska-Płachta, Anna; Janczukowicz, Wojciech; Dixon, Beverly R. E. A.; Czułowska, Magdalena

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.050

Cited by 75 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Bauer et al (2002) also found in wastewater treatment plants in Austria (where the averaged concentrations of mesophilic bacteria and fungi were 1.7 9 10 4 and 1.7 9 10 3 CFU/m 3 , respectively) the highest exposure to bacterial and fungal aerosols during aeration. Korzeniewska et al (2009) studied emission of airborne microorganisms from WWTP with bioreactor ''BIO-PAK'' found that the highest concentrations of bacteria (10 1 -10 3 CFU/m 3 ) and fungi (10 4 CFU/ m 3 ) were determined in air sampled inside the bioreactor, in its vicinity, and near the great chamber. It is interesting to note that in the studies concerning exposure to bioaerosol from sewage systems in Austria, the highest concentrations of mesophilic bacteria were found in the encased grit chamber.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the microorganism present in the air at the areas of wastewater treatment plants and in their vicinity were found both saprophytes and pathogens of the genera Bacillus, Clostridium, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and such fungi as Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus (Wlazło et al 2002;Fracchia et al 2006;Korzeniewska et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi in some Polish wastewater treatment plants

Kowalski

Wolany

Pastuszka

et al. 2017

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The aim of this study was to characterize both the viable airborne bacteria and fungi collected in different types of wastewater treatment plants in Poland. Bacterial and fungal aerosols in five different wastewater treatment plants in Poland were studied, including the pioneering antibiotic resistance testing of airborne bacteria. Concentration level was measured using the six-stage Andersen impactor. After incubation, bioaerosol particles captured on nutrient media on Petri dishes were quantitatively evaluated and qualitatively identified. It was found that the concentration levels of both airborne bacteria and fungi ranged from 10 2 to 10 3 colony-forming units/m 3 , in all stages of the wastewater treatment plants. The patterns of size distributions of airborne bacteria and fungi were very similar, showing dominant peaks typically in the size range between 3.3 and 4.7 lm. The majority fraction of small bacterial and fungal particles (less than 4.7 lm) in the studied areas indicates that the bioaerosol is relatively fresh, and mostly of local origin. The Gram-positive cocci and nonsporing Gram-positive rods were the dominating forms in the studied wastewater treatment plants environment. The existing differences in the concentration levels between sampling sites enabled identification of the main bioaerosol sources. The highest concentration of bacterial aerosol appeared in sections, where activated sludge postprocessing and mechanical purifying are conducted. The most frequently occurring species in the sampled bacterial aerosol were Gram-positive cocci and nonsporing Grampositive rods. Multi-antibiotic resistance testing showed that among the isolated airborne bacteria, the most antibiotic-resistant features were present among Bacillus species (especially Bacillus mycoides).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi in some Polish wastewater treatment plants

Kowalski

Wolany

Pastuszka

et al. 2017

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Adenovirus and norovirus concentrations as high as 2.27 × 10 6 genome copies m -3 and 1.42± 1.14 × 10 3 genome copies m -3 , respectively, have been reported. 42,43 Based on the current literature, it appears that airborne concentration of EBOV at a WWTP may be affected by the treatment process, the concentration of EBOV in wastewater, and the sampling location.…”

Section: Potential For Aerosol Transmission Via Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosolization of Ebola Virus Surrogates in Wastewater Systems

Lin

Marr

2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Academic AbstractRecent studies have shown that Ebola virus can persist in wastewater, and the potential for the virus to be aerosolized and pose a risk of inhalation exposure has not been evaluated.We considered this risk for three wastewater systems: toilets, a lab-scale model of an aeration basin, and a lab-scale model of converging sewer pipes. We measured the aeroso l size distribution generated by each system, spiked Ebola virus surrogates into each system, and determined the emission rate of viruses into the air. While the number of aerosols released ranged from 10 5 to 10 7 per flush from the toilets or per minute from the lab-scale models, the total volume of aerosols generated by these systems was ~10 -8 to 10 -7 mL per flush or per minute in all cases. The Ebola virus surrogates MS2 and Phi6, spiked into toilets at an initial concentration of 10 7 PFU mL -1 , were not detected in air after flushing.Airborne concentrations of MS2 and Phi6 were ~20 PFU L -1 and ~0.1 PFU L -1 , respectively, associated with the aeration basin and sewer models. This corresponds to emission rates of 547 PFU min -1 and 3.8 PFU min -1 of MS2 and Phi6, respectively, for the aeration basin and 79 PFU min -1 and 0.3 PFU min -1 for the sewer model. Since informa tio n on the aerosolization of Ebola virus is quite limited, these emission rates can greatly help inform risk assessment of inhalation exposure to Ebola virus.iii

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“…Some microorganisms are, however, equipped with specific mechanisms that enable them to combat unfavorable environmental conditions that inhibit their biological activity (Korzeniewska et al 2009). As sunlight is associated with the destruction of airborne microorganisms, especially bacteria (Fedorak and Westlake 1978), the observed decrease in culturable airborne bacteria from A2 to A6 in June could be attributed to exposure to sunlight radiation.…”

Section: Site-related Concentration Characterization Of Culturable Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing genetic structure, diversity of bacterial aerosol from aeration system in an oxidation ditch wastewater treatment plant by culture methods and bio-molecular tools

Han

Liu

2012

Environ Monit Assess

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Airborne bacteria emissions from oxidation ditch with rotating aeration brushes were investigated in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China. Microbial samples were collected at different distances from the rotating brushes, different heights above the water surface, and different operation state over a 3-month period (April, May, and June) in order to estimate the seasonal variation and site-related distribution characteristics of the microorganisms present. The concentration of bacterial aerosol was analyzed by culture methods, while their dominant species, genetic structure and diversity were assayed using bio-molecular tools. Results showed that total microbial concentrations were highest in June and lowest in April. The mechanical rotation caused remarkable variation in concentration and diversity of culturable airborne bacteria before and after the rotating brushes. The highest concentration was observed near the rotating brushes (931±129-3,952±730 CFU/m 3 ), with concentration decreasing as distance and height increased. Bacterial community polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis indicated that diversity decreased gradually with increasing height above the water surface but remained relatively constant at the same height. All dominant bacteria identified by DNA sequence analysis belonged to Firmicutes. Pathogenic species such as Moraxella nonliquefaciens and Flavobacterium odoratum were isolated from the bioaerosols. Due to the serious health risks involved, exposure of sewage workers to airborne microorganisms caused by brush aerators should be monitored and controlled.

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Determination of emitted airborne microorganisms from a BIO-PAK wastewater treatment plant

Cited by 75 publications

References 15 publications

Characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi in some Polish wastewater treatment plants

Characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi in some Polish wastewater treatment plants

Aerosolization of Ebola Virus Surrogates in Wastewater Systems

Assessing genetic structure, diversity of bacterial aerosol from aeration system in an oxidation ditch wastewater treatment plant by culture methods and bio-molecular tools

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