Determination of Enantiomer Ratios of Bornane Congeners in Biological Samples Using Heart-Cut Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

Environmental occurrence, analysis, and toxicology of toxaphene compounds.

“…Stereochemistry may play an important role since the biological disposition of enantiomers varies (Ref. (125) and (92). Measuring the individual indicator compounds on a single GC-column has the problem that several compounds may be present in one peak as was shown by heart-cut multidimensional GC (69).…”

Environmental Occurrence, Analysis, and Toxicology of Toxaphene Compounds

“…Using the quotient of the two enantiomers gives an undefined result when the second enantiomer is not detected. de Geus et al (125) observed this and therefore divided the second enantiomer by the first. Of course, this approach only shifts the problem.…”

“…Unfortunately, this doubles the number of peaks to be separated (125). A tert-butyldimethylsilylated P-cyclodextrin phase, introduced by Blum and Aichholz (129), has been shown to give a good enantiomer separation of toxaphene compounds (15,104,124,125,130 (104) showed that a temperature ramp of 1K resulted in much better separations compared to one of 10K.…”

“…Most attention has been devoted to measuring the EFs of B[12012]- (202) (130) and de Geus et al (125) show that other compounds can be much more interesting 'Enantiomer fraction is the abundance of the first eluting enantiomer relative to the abundance of the sum of both enantiomers (126). hData from Kallenborn et al (124).…”

Valve-based comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection: instrumentation and figures-of-merit

“…Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) is now a widely accepted powerful technique to analyze complex chemical mixtures and natural products such as petrochemicals, essential oils, fatty acids, and environmental pollutants [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. While the basic concept of comprehensive two-dimensional separations was laid out by Giddings [17,18], a recent summary of the state of comprehensive two-dimensional separations by Liu and Lee demonstrates how ubiquitous two-dimensional separations have become [19].…”