Determination of endocrine disrupting compounds using temperature-dependent inclusion chromatography

Micro-TLC Approach for Fast Screening of Environmental Samples Derived from Surface and Sewage Waters

“…classical 0.6 g tube is able to process 100–500 mL of raw sewage water. Previously, we optimized SPE protocol involving C18 cartridges and methanol/water binary phases for pre-purification, isolation and concentration of organic substances (mainly steroids) from various complex samples including blood, urine, surface water, treated and untreated sewage waters as well as activated sludge-based materials [20]. In this work we tested capability of micro-TLC for separation of low-molecular-mass substances from surface, treated and untreated sewage waters that can be detected under direct fluorescence and PMA visualization protocols.…”

“…Due to protocol simplicity and low cost of analysis it can be useful for preliminary samples screening. Application of such separation and detection modes significantly extend fingerprinting capability that was demonstrated in our previous study involving HPLC and UV–Vis detection of EDCs (with polarity ranging from estetrol to progesterone) in surface water ecosystems [20]. …”

“…In the current work we analyzed SPE extracts of surface and sewage water samples, which were previously generated for our study concerning determination of EDCs using temperature-dependent inclusion chromatography and involving HPLC system [20]. For this purpose the samples collection was conducted within 2007 and 2008 from lakes and rivers located in the area of Middle Pomerania in northern part of Poland.…”

“…After HPLC analysis the remaining volumes of collected SPE extracts were stored in the freezer at temperature of −20 °C until present micro-TLC separation. However, for optimization study of micro-TLC separation, sewage water extracts were prepared freshly using Supelclean LC-18 solid-phase extraction tubes (6 mL, 0.5 g) and involving detailed SPE analytical protocol for isolation and concentration of wide range of endocrine modulators from water samples [20]. …”

“…In this work we propose one and 2D micro-TLC separation protocols that are complementary to the previously elaborated HPLC method that was based on temperature-dependent inclusion chromatography and UV–Vis diode array detection [20]. Reported 1D and 2D micro-TLC protocols were optimized for fast and low-cost screening of water samples collected from lakes and rivers located in the area of Middle Pomerania in northern part of Poland as well as highly organic compounds loaded treated and untreated sewage waters, which were derived from municipal wastewater treatment plant “Jamno” near Koszalin City (Poland).…”