Determination of Energy and Nutrient Intakes in Pediatric Burned Patients

Abstract

Objective:The prevalence of malnutrition defined by nutritional insufficiency is substantially high in children admitted to the burn center. This study aimed to evaluate the energy and nutrient intakes of pediatric burned patients.Methods: This prospective study was conducted between May 2016 and January 2017, involving 45 (2 to 18 years old) children and their caregivers. Data were collected via three 24 h dietary recall, socio-demographic questionnaire, and assessment of clinical characteristics was done in the Hospital Burns Centre. The energy and nutrient intakes of pediatric burned patients were calculated using computer software and compared with the nutritional recommendations. Statistical tests included analyses of t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation test, and χ2 tests.Results: None of the children reached the requirements for energy and macronutrients. There was a negative correlation between the meeting of requirements and the age (P < 0.05). Oral enteral nutrition increased the meeting energy requirements (P < 0.05). Depending on the presence of a perioperative fasting period, the percentage of children who met the energy and protein requirements was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The burned area did not affect the percentage of children meeting their energy and protein intakes (P > 0.05). Conclusions:Oral enteral nutrition facilitates the ability of children to reach requirements; however, perioperative fasting periods and age are barriers to ensure adequate energy and nutrient intake in pediatric burned patients. Therefore, individualized nutritional support and education is vital for burned children to meet increased energy and nutrient requirements.